The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs, sentence 12

An echidna is covered in spines that are thick hairs; it walks slowly and cannot run from danger, so when frightened it curls into a ball or digs straight down until only its spines show.

Who acts: spines, echidna · What happens: cover, be, walk, not run, frighten, curl · To what, where: echidna, thick hairs, danger, ball

This is a sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spines, echidna), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 echidna	det
2	echidna	echidna	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 covered	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	aux:pass
4	covered	cover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 spines	case
6	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 covered	obl
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 hairs	nsubj
8	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 hairs	cop
9	thick	thick	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 hairs	amod
10	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 spines	acl:relcl
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 walks	punct
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 walks	nsubj
13	walks	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 covered	parataxis
14	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	13 walks	advmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	18 run	cc
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 run	aux
17	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	18 run	advmod
18	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 walks	conj
19	from	from	ADP	_	20 danger	case
20	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 run	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 frightened	punct
22	so	so	ADV	_	24 frightened	advmod
23	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	24 frightened	advmod
24	frightened	frighten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 covered	parataxis
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 curls	nsubj
26	curls	curl	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 frightened	conj
27	into	into	ADP	_	29 ball	case
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 ball	det
29	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 curls	obl
30	or	or	CCONJ	_	31 digs	cc
31	digs	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 curls	conj
32	straight	straight	ADV	_	33 down	advmod
33	down	down	ADV	_	31 digs	advmod
34	until	until	SCONJ	_	38 show	mark
35	only	only	ADV	_	37 spines	advmod
36	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	37 spines	nmod:poss
37	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 show	nsubj
38	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 digs	advcl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 covered	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	cover	present · passive		a echidna		in spines	vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in spine=Theme
2	is a	present	spines	thick hairs			tree rules
3	walk	present	echidna			slowly property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	not run	can	echidna not said here		danger		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from danger=Trajectory
5	frighten	participle					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
6	curl	present	echidna		a ball		vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ball=Destination
7	dig	present	echidna not said here			down property	vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	show	present	echidna's spines				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/12/