The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs, sentence 8
A male platypus has a hollow spur on each back ankle that injects venom, very painful to people and able to kill a dog; males use it mostly against other males in the breeding season; never handle a wild platypus.
Who acts: male platypus, back ankle, males · What happens: have, inject, kill, use, not handle · To what, where: hollow spur, back ankle, venom, dog, wild platypus
This is a sentence of the lesson «The platypus and the echidna: mammals that lay eggs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (male platypus, back ankle, males), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 platypus | det |
| 2 | male | male | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 platypus | amod |
| 3 | platypus | platypus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | nsubj |
| 4 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 spur | det |
| 6 | hollow | hollow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 spur | amod |
| 7 | spur | spur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 has | obj |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 ankle | case |
| 9 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 ankle | det |
| 10 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 ankle | compound |
| 11 | ankle | ankle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 spur | nmod |
| 12 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 injects | nsubj |
| 13 | injects | inject | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 ankle | acl:relcl |
| 14 | venom | venom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 injects | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 painful | punct |
| 16 | very | very | ADV | _ | 17 painful | advmod |
| 17 | painful | painful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 venom | amod |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 people | case |
| 19 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 painful | obl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 able | cc |
| 21 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 painful | conj |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 kill | mark |
| 23 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 able | xcomp |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 dog | det |
| 25 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 kill | obj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 use | punct |
| 27 | males | male | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 use | nsubj |
| 28 | use | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 has | parataxis |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 use | obj |
| 30 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 33 males | advmod |
| 31 | against | against | ADP | _ | 33 males | case |
| 32 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 males | amod |
| 33 | males | male | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 use | obl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 season | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 season | det |
| 36 | breeding | breeding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 season | compound |
| 37 | season | season | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 males | nmod |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 handle | punct |
| 39 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 40 handle | advmod |
| 40 | handle | handle | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 28 use | parataxis |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 platypus | det |
| 42 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 platypus | amod |
| 43 | platypus | platypus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 handle | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 has | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | a male platypus | a hollow spur | each back ankle | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spur=Patient | |||
| 2 | inject | present | each back ankle | venom | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent venom=Patient | ||||
| 3 | kill | to-infinitive | each back ankle not said here | a dog | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme | ||||
| 4 | use | present | males | dog | against other males in the breeding season | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | |||
| 5 | not handle | infinitive | a wild platypus | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent platypus=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:043-platypus-and-echidna.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/43-platypus-and-echidna/8/