Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters, sentence 6

At each step only about a tenth of the energy passes on to the next eater, so there are far more plants than plant-eaters and far more plant-eaters than meat-eaters, and chains are usually only 3 to 5 steps long.

Who acts: tenth, more plants, chains · What happens: pass, be · To what, where: next eater, 3 steps

This is a sentence of the lesson «Food chains: sun, plants, plant-eaters, meat-eaters» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tenth, more plants, chains), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	At	at	ADP	_	3 step	case
2	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	3 step	det
3	step	step	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 passes	obl
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 tenth	advmod
5	about	about	ADP	_	7 tenth	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tenth	det
7	tenth	tenth	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 passes	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 energy	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 energy	det
10	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tenth	nmod
11	passes	pass	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	on	on	ADP	_	16 eater	case
13	to	to	ADP	_	16 eater	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 eater	det
15	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 eater	amod
16	eater	eater	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 passes	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 are	punct
18	so	so	ADV	_	20 are	advmod
19	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	20 are	expl
20	are	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 passes	parataxis
21	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	22 more	advmod
22	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	23 plants	amod
23	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 are	nsubj
24	than	than	ADP	_	27 eaters	case
25	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 eaters	compound
26	-	-	PUNCT	_	25 plant	punct
27	eaters	eater	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 plants	nmod
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 eaters	cc
29	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	30 more	advmod
30	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	33 eaters	amod
31	plant	plant	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 eaters	compound
32	-	-	PUNCT	_	31 plant	punct
33	eaters	eater	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 plants	conj
34	than	than	ADP	_	37 eaters	case
35	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 eaters	compound
36	-	-	PUNCT	_	35 meat	punct
37	eaters	eater	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 plants	nmod
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 steps	punct
39	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 steps	cc
40	chains	chain	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 steps	nsubj
41	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	47 steps	cop
42	usually	usually	ADV	_	47 steps	advmod
43	only	only	ADV	_	47 steps	advmod
44	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	47 steps	nummod
45	to	to	ADP	_	46 5	case
46	5	5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	44 3	nmod
47	steps	step	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 passes	conj
48	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	47 steps	advmod
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 passes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	pass	present	a tenth of the energy		the next eater	at each step	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at step=Location
2	does	present	more plants than plant eaters than meat eaters and more plant eaters		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is a	present	chains	3 steps		long, usually property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:046-food-chains.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/46-food-chains/6/