The desert: living with little water, sentence 8
The saguaro cactus of Arizona and Mexico can grow over 12 metres tall and live over 150 years; its pleated stem swells like an accordion to store water, and its first arm often grows only at about 50 to 70 years old.
Who acts: saguaro cactus, pleated stem, first arm, cactus · What happens: grow, live, pleat, swell, store, stem · To what, where: water
This is a sentence of the lesson «The desert: living with little water» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (saguaro cactus, pleated stem, first arm, cactus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 cactus | det |
| 2 | saguaro | saguaro | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cactus | compound |
| 3 | cactus | cactus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 grow | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Arizona | case |
| 5 | Arizona | Arizona | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 cactus | nmod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 Mexico | cc |
| 7 | Mexico | Mexico | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Arizona | conj |
| 8 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 grow | aux |
| 9 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 10 | over | over | ADV | _ | 11 12 | advmod |
| 11 | 12 | 12 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 12 metres | nummod |
| 12 | metres | metre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 tall | obl:unmarked |
| 13 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 grow | xcomp |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 live | cc |
| 15 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 grow | conj |
| 16 | over | over | ADP | _ | 18 years | case |
| 17 | 150 | 150 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 years | nummod |
| 18 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 live | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 grow | punct |
| 20 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 stem | nmod:poss |
| 21 | pleated | pleat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 stem | amod |
| 22 | stem | stem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 swells | nsubj |
| 23 | swells | swell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 grow | parataxis |
| 24 | like | like | ADP | _ | 26 accordion | case |
| 25 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 accordion | det |
| 26 | accordion | accordion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 swells | obl |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 store | mark |
| 28 | store | store | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 swells | advcl |
| 29 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 store | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 grows | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 grows | cc |
| 32 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 arm | nmod:poss |
| 33 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 34 arm | amod |
| 34 | arm | arm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 grows | nsubj |
| 35 | often | often | ADV | _ | 36 grows | advmod |
| 36 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 swells | conj |
| 37 | only | only | ADV | _ | 40 50 | advmod |
| 38 | at | at | ADP | _ | 40 50 | case |
| 39 | about | about | ADV | _ | 40 50 | advmod |
| 40 | 50 | 50 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 43 years | nummod |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 70 | case |
| 42 | 70 | 70 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 40 50 | nmod |
| 43 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 old | obl:unmarked |
| 44 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 grows | ccomp |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 grow | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | can | the saguaro cactus of Arizona and Mexico | tall property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | live | infinitive | the saguaro cactus of Arizona and Mexico not said here | year | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | pleat | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | swell | present | cactus's pleated stem | like a accordion | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | store | to-infinitive | cactus's pleated stem not said here | water | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | ||||
| 6 | grow | present | cactus's first arm | often property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | stem | cactus | nom stem «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:005-the-desert.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/5-the-desert/8/