How animals talk, sentence 0

Animals do not speak words like us, but they send each other messages all the time with sounds, dances, smells, light and the way they hold their bodies.

Who acts: Animals · What happens: not speak, send, hold · To what, where: words, other messages, bodies · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals talk» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 speak	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 speak	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 speak	advmod
4	speak	speak	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 speak	obj
6	like	like	ADP	_	7 us	case
7	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	5 words	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 send	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 send	cc
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 send	nsubj
11	send	send	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 speak	conj
12	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	14 messages	det
13	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 messages	amod
14	messages	message	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 send	obj
15	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	17 time	det:predet
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 time	det
17	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 send	obl:unmarked
18	with	with	ADP	_	19 sounds	case
19	sounds	sound	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 time	nmod
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 dances	punct
21	dances	dance	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 sounds	conj
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 smells	punct
23	smells	smell	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 sounds	conj
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 light	punct
25	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 time	nmod
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 way	cc
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 way	det
28	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 light	conj
29	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 hold	nsubj
30	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 way	acl:relcl
31	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	32 bodies	nmod:poss
32	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 hold	obj
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 speak	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	not speak speech: other	present · do-support	Animals	words		like us	tree rules
2	send	present	Animals = animal	each other messages	time		vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme
3	hold	present	Animals = animal	Animals's bodies			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:050-how-animals-talk.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/50-how-animals-talk/0/