How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry, sentence 16

Young swallowtail caterpillars look like shiny bird droppings, and older ones, too big to pass as a dropping, turn green with fake eye spots like a little snake.

Who acts: Young swallowtail caterpillars · What happens: look, pass, turn

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hide: camouflage and mimicry» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Young swallowtail caterpillars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 caterpillars	amod
2	swallowtail	swallowtail	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 caterpillars	compound
3	caterpillars	caterpillar	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 look	nsubj
4	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	like	like	ADP	_	8 droppings	case
6	shiny	shiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 droppings	amod
7	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 droppings	compound
8	droppings	dropping	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 look	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 ones	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 ones	cc
11	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 ones	amod
12	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 droppings	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 big	punct
14	too	too	ADV	_	15 big	advmod
15	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 ones	amod
16	to	to	PART	_	17 pass	mark
17	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 big	xcomp
18	as	as	ADP	_	20 dropping	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 dropping	det
20	dropping	dropping	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 pass	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 turn	punct
22	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 look	conj
23	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 turn	xcomp
24	with	with	ADP	_	27 spots	case
25	fake	fake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 spots	amod
26	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 spots	compound
27	spots	spot	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 green	obl
28	like	like	ADP	_	31 snake	case
29	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 snake	det
30	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 snake	amod
31	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 turn	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 look	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	look	present	Young swallowtail caterpillars	like shiny bird droppings and older ones	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	pass	to-infinitive	Young swallowtail caterpillars not said here	as a dropping	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	turn	infinitive	Young swallowtail caterpillars not said here	like a little snake; green property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:051-how-animals-hide.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/51-how-animals-hide/16/