How animals hunt, sentence 17

A praying mantis waits without moving, then grabs insects with spiky front legs in less than a tenth of a second, and it can turn its head to look over its shoulder.

Who acts: praying mantis, it · What happens: pray, wait, move, grab, turn, look · To what, where: insects, tenth, head

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (praying mantis, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 mantis	det
2	praying	pray	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 mantis	amod
3	mantis	mantis	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 waits	nsubj
4	waits	wait	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	without	without	SCONJ	_	6 moving	mark
6	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 waits	advcl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 grabs	punct
8	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	9 grabs	advmod
9	grabs	grab	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 waits	conj
10	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 grabs	obj
11	with	with	ADP	_	14 legs	case
12	spiky	spiky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 legs	amod
13	front	front	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 legs	amod
14	legs	leg	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 grabs	obl
15	in	in	ADP	_	19 tenth	case
16	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	19 tenth	advmod
17	than	than	ADP	_	16 less	fixed
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 tenth	det
19	tenth	tenth	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 grabs	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 second	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 second	det
22	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 tenth	nmod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 turn	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	27 turn	cc
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 turn	nsubj
26	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	27 turn	aux
27	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 waits	conj
28	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 head	nmod:poss
29	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 turn	obj
30	to	to	PART	_	31 look	mark
31	look	look	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 turn	advcl
32	over	over	ADP	_	34 shoulder	case
33	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	34 shoulder	nmod:poss
34	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 look	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 waits	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pray	gerund						vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot
2	wait	present	a praying mantis					vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	move	gerund	a praying mantis not said here					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4	grab	present	a praying mantis not said here	insects	a tenth of a second	then	with spiky front legs	vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme
5	turn	can	it	mantis's head				vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme head=Result
6	look	to-infinitive					over mantis's shoulder	vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent over shoulder=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/17/