How animals hunt, sentence 7

Barn owls have soft fringed edges on their feathers that make their flight almost silent, and their ears sit at different heights, so a sound reaches each ear a little differently and they can tell up from down and find a mouse by sound alone.

Who acts: Barn owls, feathers, ears, sound · What happens: have, fringe, make, sit, reach, tell up · To what, where: soft fringed edges, feathers, flight, different heights, ear, mouse

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals hunt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Barn owls, feathers, ears, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Barn	barn	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 owls	compound
2	owls	owl	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	nsubj
3	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 edges	amod
5	fringed	fringe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 edges	amod
6	edges	edge	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 have	obj
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 feathers	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 feathers	nmod:poss
9	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 edges	nmod
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 make	nsubj
11	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 feathers	acl:relcl
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 flight	nmod:poss
13	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 make	obj
14	almost	almost	ADV	_	15 silent	advmod
15	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 make	xcomp
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 sit	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 sit	cc
18	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 ears	nmod:poss
19	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 sit	nsubj
20	sit	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 have	conj
21	at	at	ADP	_	23 heights	case
22	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 heights	amod
23	heights	height	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 sit	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 reaches	punct
25	so	so	ADV	_	28 reaches	advmod
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 sound	det
27	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 reaches	nsubj
28	reaches	reach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 have	conj
29	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	30 ear	det
30	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 reaches	obj
31	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 little	det
32	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 differently	obl
33	differently	differently	ADV	_	28 reaches	advmod
34	and	and	CCONJ	_	37 tell	cc
35	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 tell	nsubj
36	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	37 tell	aux
37	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	28 reaches	conj
38	up	up	ADP	_	37 tell	compound:prt
39	from	from	ADP	_	40 down	case
40	down	down	ADV	_	37 tell	obl
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	42 find	cc
42	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	37 tell	conj
43	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 mouse	det
44	mouse	mouse	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 find	obj
45	by	by	ADP	_	46 sound	case
46	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 find	obl
47	alone	alone	ADV	_	46 sound	advmod
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 have	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	Barn owls	soft fringed edges	owls's feathers		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent edge=Patient
2	fringe	participle					tree rules
3	make	present	owls's feathers	owls's flight		silent property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset flight=Product
4	sit	present	owls's ears		different heights		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at height=Location
5	reach	present	a sound	each ear		differently property	vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ear=Theme
6	tell up speech: assert	can	ears = ear				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	find	infinitive	ears = ear not said here	a mouse		by sound	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:052-how-animals-hunt.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/52-how-animals-hunt/7/