How animals defend themselves, sentence 1

A hedgehog in the garden is a good example: when the dog sniffs it, a strong muscle pulls its prickly skin round it like a drawstring bag, and the dog gets a nose full of spines instead of a snack.

Who acts: hedgehog, dog, strong muscle · What happens: be, sniff, pull, get · To what, where: good example, hedgehog, prickly skin, nose

This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hedgehog, dog, strong muscle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hedgehog	det
2	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 example	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 garden	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 garden	det
5	garden	garden	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 hedgehog	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 example	cop
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 example	det
8	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 example	amod
9	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 sniffs	punct
11	when	when	SCONJ	_	14 sniffs	mark
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 dog	det
13	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 sniffs	nsubj
14	sniffs	sniff	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 example	advcl
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 sniffs	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 pulls	punct
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 muscle	det
18	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 muscle	amod
19	muscle	muscle	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 pulls	nsubj
20	pulls	pull	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 sniffs	conj
21	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	23 skin	nmod:poss
22	prickly	prickly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 skin	amod
23	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 pulls	obj
24	round	round	ADP	_	25 it	case
25	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 pulls	obl
26	like	like	ADP	_	29 bag	case
27	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 bag	det
28	drawstring	drawstring	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 bag	compound
29	bag	bag	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 pulls	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 gets	punct
31	and	and	CCONJ	_	34 gets	cc
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 dog	det
33	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 gets	nsubj
34	gets	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 pulls	conj
35	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 nose	det
36	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 gets	obj
37	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 nose	amod
38	of	of	ADP	_	39 spines	case
39	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 full	obl
40	instead	instead	ADV	ExtPos=ADP	43 snack	case
41	of	of	ADP	_	40 instead	fixed
42	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	43 snack	det
43	snack	snack	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 gets	obl
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 example	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a hedgehog in the garden	a good example		tree rules
2	sniff	present	the dog	hedgehog		vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
3	pull	present	a strong muscle	muscle's prickly skin	round hedgehog; like a drawstring bag	vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Theme
4	get	present	the dog	a nose	instead a snack	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nose=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/1/