How animals defend themselves, sentence 15
A peacock butterfly suddenly flashes four big eye spots, which startle a bird before it can think, and even hisses; in experiments, birds were much more scared of butterflies whose eye spots were not painted over.
Who acts: peacock butterfly, four big eye spots, butterfly, birds · What happens: flash, startle, think, hiss, be, not paint over · To what, where: four big eye spots, bird, experiments, eye spots
This is a sentence of the lesson «How animals defend themselves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peacock butterfly, four big eye spots, butterfly, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 butterfly | det |
| 2 | peacock | peacock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 butterfly | compound |
| 3 | butterfly | butterfly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 flashes | nsubj |
| 4 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 5 flashes | advmod |
| 5 | flashes | flash | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 spots | nummod |
| 7 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 spots | amod |
| 8 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 spots | compound |
| 9 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 flashes | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 startle | punct |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 startle | nsubj |
| 12 | startle | startle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 spots | acl:relcl |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 bird | det |
| 14 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 startle | obj |
| 15 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 18 think | mark |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 think | nsubj |
| 17 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 18 think | aux |
| 18 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 startle | advcl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 hisses | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 hisses | cc |
| 21 | even | even | ADV | _ | 22 hisses | advmod |
| 22 | hisses | hiss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 flashes | conj |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 experiments | punct |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 experiments | case |
| 25 | experiments | experiment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 scared | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 birds | punct |
| 27 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 scared | nsubj |
| 28 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 scared | cop |
| 29 | much | much | ADV | _ | 30 more | advmod |
| 30 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 31 scared | advmod |
| 31 | scared | scared | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 hisses | ccomp |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 butterflies | case |
| 33 | butterflies | butterfly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 scared | obl |
| 34 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 36 spots | nmod:poss |
| 35 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 spots | compound |
| 36 | spots | spot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 painted | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 painted | aux:pass |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 painted | advmod |
| 39 | painted | paint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 butterflies | acl:relcl |
| 40 | over | over | ADV | _ | 39 painted | advmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 flashes | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | flash | present | a peacock butterfly | four big eye spots | suddenly property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent spot=Theme | |||
| 2 | startle | present | four big eye spots | a bird | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bird=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | think speech: other | can | butterfly | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | hiss | present | a peacock butterfly not said here | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | past | birds | experiments | of butterflies; scared property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | not paint over | past · passive | eye spots | over property | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:053-how-animals-defend-themselves.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/53-how-animals-defend-themselves/15/