Migration: the great journeys, sentence 4
The journeys are dangerous: crocodiles wait in rivers for wildebeest, city lights confuse night-flying birds, and roads cut across crab paths, so people now build tunnels and switch off lights to help.
Who acts: journeys, crocodiles, city lights, roads, people · What happens: be, wait, confuse, fly, cut, build · To what, where: rivers, flying birds, crab paths, tunnels, lights
This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (journeys, crocodiles, city lights, roads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 journeys | det |
| 2 | journeys | journey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 dangerous | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 dangerous | cop |
| 4 | dangerous | dangerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 wait | punct |
| 6 | crocodiles | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 wait | nsubj |
| 7 | wait | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 dangerous | parataxis |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 rivers | case |
| 9 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 wait | obl |
| 10 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 wildebeest | case |
| 11 | wildebeest | wildebeest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 wait | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 confuse | punct |
| 13 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 lights | compound |
| 14 | lights | light | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 confuse | nsubj |
| 15 | confuse | confuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 wait | conj |
| 16 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 flying | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 flying | punct |
| 18 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 birds | amod |
| 19 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 confuse | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 cut | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 cut | cc |
| 22 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 cut | nsubj |
| 23 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 confuse | conj |
| 24 | across | across | ADP | _ | 26 paths | case |
| 25 | crab | crab | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 paths | compound |
| 26 | paths | path | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 cut | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 build | punct |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 31 build | advmod |
| 29 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 build | nsubj |
| 30 | now | now | ADV | _ | 31 build | advmod |
| 31 | build | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 wait | advcl |
| 32 | tunnels | tunnel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 build | obj |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 switch | cc |
| 34 | switch | switch | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 build | conj |
| 35 | off | off | ADP | _ | 34 switch | compound:prt |
| 36 | lights | light | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 switch | obj |
| 37 | to | to | PART | _ | 38 help | mark |
| 38 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 switch | advcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 dangerous | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the journeys | dangerous property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | wait | present | crocodiles | rivers | for wildebeest | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in river=Location | |||
| 3 | confuse | present | city lights | flying birds | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Patient | ||||
| 4 | fly | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | cut | present | roads | crab paths | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across path=Location | ||||
| 6 | build | present | people | tunnels | now | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tunnel=Product | |||
| 7 | switch off | present | people not said here | lights | vn convert-26.6.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient | ||||
| 8 | help | to-infinitive | people not said here | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/4/