Migration: the great journeys, sentence 7
About 1.5 million wildebeest, with zebras and gazelles, move in a great loop between Tanzania and Kenya, following the rains and fresh grass; their calves can walk within minutes of birth, because they must keep up with a herd that is always moving.
Who acts: million wildebeest, calves, herd · What happens: move, walk, keep up · To what, where: great loop
This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (million wildebeest, calves, herd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | About | about | ADV | _ | 3 million | advmod |
| 2 | 1.5 | 1.5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 million | compound |
| 3 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 wildebeest | nummod |
| 4 | wildebeest | wildebeest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 move | nsubj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 zebras | punct |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 zebras | case |
| 7 | zebras | zebra | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 wildebeest | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 gazelles | cc |
| 9 | gazelles | gazelle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 zebras | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 move | punct |
| 11 | move | move | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 loop | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 loop | det |
| 14 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 loop | amod |
| 15 | loop | loop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 move | obl |
| 16 | between | between | ADP | _ | 17 Tanzania | case |
| 17 | Tanzania | Tanzania | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 loop | nmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 Kenya | cc |
| 19 | Kenya | Kenya | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Tanzania | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 following | punct |
| 21 | following | follow | ADP | _ | 23 rains | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 rains | det |
| 23 | rains | rain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 move | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 grass | cc |
| 25 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 grass | amod |
| 26 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 rains | conj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 walk | punct |
| 28 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 calves | nmod:poss |
| 29 | calves | calf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 walk | nsubj |
| 30 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 walk | aux |
| 31 | walk | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 move | parataxis |
| 32 | within | within | ADP | _ | 33 minutes | case |
| 33 | minutes | minute | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 walk | obl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 birth | case |
| 35 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 minutes | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 walk | punct |
| 37 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 40 keep | mark |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 keep | nsubj |
| 39 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 keep | aux |
| 40 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 walk | advcl |
| 41 | up | up | ADP | _ | 40 keep | compound:prt |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 44 herd | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 herd | det |
| 44 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 keep | obl |
| 45 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 48 moving | nsubj |
| 46 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 48 moving | aux |
| 47 | always | always | ADV | _ | 48 moving | advmod |
| 48 | moving | move | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 44 herd | acl:relcl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 move | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | move | present | million wildebeest with zebras and gazelles | a great loop between Tanzania and Kenya | follow the rains and fresh grass | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in loop=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | walk | can | rains's calves | minute | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | keep up | must | calves = calf | with a herd | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | move | present · progressive | a herd | always property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/7/