Migration: the great journeys, sentence 9
Millions of monarch butterflies fly up to about 4000 km to the same mountain forests in Mexico; the trip north takes several generations, so no single butterfly makes the whole round trip, and the route must be inborn.
Who acts: Millions, trip north, single butterfly, route · What happens: fly up, take, make, be · To what, where: several generations, whole round trip
This is a sentence of the lesson «Migration: the great journeys» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Millions, trip north, single butterfly, route), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fly | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 butterflies | case |
| 3 | monarch | monarch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 butterflies | compound |
| 4 | butterflies | butterfly | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Millions | nmod |
| 5 | fly | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 fly | compound:prt |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 km | case |
| 8 | about | about | ADV | _ | 9 4000 | advmod |
| 9 | 4000 | 4000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 km | nummod |
| 10 | km | km | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fly | obl |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 15 forests | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 forests | det |
| 13 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 forests | amod |
| 14 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 forests | compound |
| 15 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fly | obl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 Mexico | case |
| 17 | Mexico | Mexico | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 forests | nmod |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 takes | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 north | det |
| 20 | trip | trip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 north | compound |
| 21 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 takes | nsubj |
| 22 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fly | parataxis |
| 23 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 generations | amod |
| 24 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 takes | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 makes | punct |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 30 makes | advmod |
| 27 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 29 butterfly | det |
| 28 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 butterfly | amod |
| 29 | butterfly | butterfly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 makes | nsubj |
| 30 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 takes | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 trip | det |
| 32 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 trip | amod |
| 33 | round | round | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 trip | compound |
| 34 | trip | trip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 makes | obj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 inborn | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 inborn | cc |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 route | det |
| 38 | route | route | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 inborn | nsubj |
| 39 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 inborn | aux |
| 40 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 41 inborn | cop |
| 41 | inborn | inborn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 makes | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 fly | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly up | present | Millions of monarch butterflies | to 4000 km result; to the same mountain forests in Mexico | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to km=Result | ||||
| 2 | take | present | the trip north | several generations | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent generation=Theme | ||||
| 3 | make | present | no single butterfly | the whole round trip | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trip=Product | ||||
| 4 | is | must | the route | inborn property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:054-migration-the-great-journeys.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/54-migration-the-great-journeys/9/