How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air, sentence 15
A Venus flytrap shuts when an insect touches two trigger hairs within about 20 seconds; it lives in poor boggy soil and gets nitrogen from insects; even the biggest meat-eating plants catch only insects and, rarely, a frog or mouse.
Who acts: Venus flytrap, insect, biggest eating plants · What happens: shut, touch, live, get, eat, catch · To what, where: two trigger hairs, poor boggy soil, nitrogen, insects
This is a sentence of the lesson «How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Venus flytrap, insect, biggest eating plants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 flytrap | det |
| 2 | Venus | Venus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 flytrap | compound |
| 3 | flytrap | flytrap | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shuts | nsubj |
| 4 | shuts | shut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 touches | advmod |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 insect | det |
| 7 | insect | insect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 touches | nsubj |
| 8 | touches | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 shuts | advcl |
| 9 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 hairs | nummod |
| 10 | trigger | trigger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 hairs | compound |
| 11 | hairs | hair | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 touches | obj |
| 12 | within | within | ADP | _ | 15 seconds | case |
| 13 | about | about | ADV | _ | 14 20 | advmod |
| 14 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 15 seconds | nummod |
| 15 | seconds | second | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 touches | obl |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 lives | punct |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 lives | nsubj |
| 18 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 shuts | conj |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 soil | case |
| 20 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 soil | amod |
| 21 | boggy | boggy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 soil | amod |
| 22 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 lives | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 gets | cc |
| 24 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 lives | conj |
| 25 | nitrogen | nitrogen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 gets | obj |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 insects | case |
| 27 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 gets | obl |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 catch | punct |
| 29 | even | even | ADV | _ | 35 plants | advmod |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 plants | det |
| 31 | biggest | big | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 35 plants | amod |
| 32 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 eating | compound |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 eating | punct |
| 34 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 35 plants | amod |
| 35 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 catch | nsubj |
| 36 | catch | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 shuts | parataxis |
| 37 | only | only | ADV | _ | 38 insects | advmod |
| 38 | insects | insect | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 catch | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 frog | cc |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 frog | punct |
| 41 | rarely | rarely | ADV | _ | 44 frog | advmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 frog | punct |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 frog | det |
| 44 | frog | frog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 insects | conj |
| 45 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 46 mouse | cc |
| 46 | mouse | mouse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 frog | conj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 shuts | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | shut | present | a Venus flytrap | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | touch | present | a insect | two trigger hairs | second | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hair=Co-Theme | |||
| 3 | live | present | insect | poor boggy soil | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in soil=Location | ||||
| 4 | get | present | insect not said here | nitrogen | from insects | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent nitrogen=Theme from insect=Source | |||
| 5 | eat | gerund | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | catch | present | the biggest eating plants | insects and a frog or mouse | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:056-how-plants-grow.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/56-how-plants-grow/15/