How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air, sentence 2

Here is the big surprise: a tall oak that grew from a tiny acorn is made mostly from the air, because the carbon in carbon dioxide becomes wood, while the soil gives only water and small amounts of minerals.

Who acts: tall oak, carbon, soil · What happens: be, grow, make, become, give, amount · To what, where: big surprise, tall oak, air, wood, water, minerals

This is a sentence of the lesson «How plants grow: seeds, light, water and air» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tall oak, carbon, soil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Here	here	ADV	PronType=Dem	5 surprise	advmod
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 surprise	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 surprise	det
4	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 surprise	amod
5	surprise	surprise	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 surprise	punct
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 oak	det
8	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 oak	amod
9	oak	oak	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 made	nsubj:pass
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 grew	nsubj
11	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 oak	acl:relcl
12	from	from	ADP	_	15 acorn	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 acorn	det
14	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 acorn	amod
15	acorn	acorn	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 grew	obl
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 made	aux:pass
17	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 surprise	parataxis
18	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	21 air	advmod
19	from	from	ADP	_	21 air	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 air	det
21	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 made	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 becomes	punct
23	because	because	SCONJ	_	29 becomes	mark
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 carbon	det
25	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 becomes	nsubj
26	in	in	ADP	_	28 dioxide	case
27	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 dioxide	compound
28	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 carbon	nmod
29	becomes	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 made	advcl
30	wood	wood	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 becomes	xcomp
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 gives	punct
32	while	while	SCONJ	_	35 gives	mark
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 soil	det
34	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 gives	nsubj
35	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 becomes	advcl
36	only	only	ADV	_	37 water	advmod
37	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 gives	obj
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	40 amounts	cc
39	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 amounts	amod
40	amounts	amount	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 water	conj
41	of	of	ADP	_	42 minerals	case
42	minerals	mineral	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 amounts	nmod
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Here	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present		the big surprise	here		tree rules
2	grow	past	a tall oak			from a tiny acorn	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from acorn=Patient
3	make	present · passive		a tall oak	the air		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from air=Material
4	become	present	the carbon in carbon dioxide	wood			vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
5	give	present	the soil	water and small amounts of minerals			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
6	amount			minerals			nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:056-how-plants-grow.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/56-how-plants-grow/2/