Flowers and pollination, sentence 16

Honeybees turn nectar into honey by adding special substances and fanning it with their wings to dry it, as food for the hive in winter; honey is so dry and sugary that germs cannot grow in it, so it keeps for years.

Who acts: Honeybees, honey, germs · What happens: turn, add, fan, dry, be, not grow · To what, where: nectar, honey, special substances

This is a sentence of the lesson «Flowers and pollination» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Honeybees, honey, germs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Honeybees	honeybee	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 turn	nsubj
2	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	nectar	nectar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turn	obj
4	into	into	ADP	_	5 honey	case
5	honey	honey	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turn	obl
6	by	by	SCONJ	_	7 adding	mark
7	adding	add	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 turn	advcl
8	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 substances	amod
9	substances	substance	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 adding	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 fanning	cc
11	fanning	fan	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 adding	conj
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 fanning	obj
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 wings	case
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 wings	nmod:poss
15	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 fanning	obl
16	to	to	PART	_	17 dry	mark
17	dry	dry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 fanning	advcl
18	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 dry	obj
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 food	punct
20	as	as	ADP	_	21 food	case
21	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 dry	obl
22	for	for	ADP	_	24 hive	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 hive	det
24	hive	hive	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 food	nmod
25	in	in	ADP	_	26 winter	case
26	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 food	nmod
27	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 dry	punct
28	honey	honey	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 dry	nsubj
29	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 dry	cop
30	so	so	ADV	_	31 dry	advmod
31	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 turn	parataxis
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 sugary	cc
33	sugary	sugary	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 dry	conj
34	that	that	SCONJ	_	38 grow	mark
35	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	38 grow	nsubj
36	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	38 grow	aux
37	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	38 grow	advmod
38	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 sugary	ccomp
39	in	in	ADP	_	40 it	case
40	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	38 grow	obl
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 keeps	punct
42	so	so	ADV	_	44 keeps	advmod
43	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	44 keeps	nsubj
44	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 dry	parataxis
45	for	for	ADP	_	46 years	case
46	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	44 keeps	obl
47	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 turn	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	Honeybees	nectar	honey			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent nectar=Theme into honey=Trajectory
2	add speech: assert	gerund	Honeybees not said here	special substances				vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent substance=Patient
3	fan	gerund	Honeybees not said here	nectar			with Honeybees's wings	tree rules
4	dry	to-infinitive	Honeybees not said here	nectar			as food for the hive in winter	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient it=Result
5	is	present	honey				dry property	tree rules
6	be		honey not said here					tree rules
7	not grow	can	germs		honey			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in it=Location
8	keep	present	honey			year		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:058-flowers-and-pollination.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/58-flowers-and-pollination/16/