The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world, sentence 3
The polar bear is the king of the sea ice: it hunts seals from the ice edge, so as the world warms and the summer ice shrinks, it has less time to hunt.
Who acts: polar bear, bear, world, summer ice, ice · What happens: be, hunt, warm, shrink, have · To what, where: king, seals, ice edge
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Arctic: ice, snow and the polar bear's world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (polar bear, bear, world, summer ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 bear | det |
| 2 | polar | polar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 bear | amod |
| 3 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 king | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 king | cop |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 king | det |
| 6 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 ice | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 ice | det |
| 9 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ice | compound |
| 10 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 king | nmod |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 hunts | punct |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 hunts | nsubj |
| 13 | hunts | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 king | parataxis |
| 14 | seals | seal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 hunts | obj |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 18 edge | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 edge | det |
| 17 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 edge | compound |
| 18 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 hunts | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 has | punct |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 has | advmod |
| 21 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 24 warms | mark |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 world | det |
| 23 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 warms | nsubj |
| 24 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 has | advcl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 shrinks | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 ice | det |
| 27 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 ice | compound |
| 28 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 shrinks | nsubj |
| 29 | shrinks | shrink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 warms | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 warms | punct |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 has | nsubj |
| 32 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 hunts | conj |
| 33 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 34 time | amod |
| 34 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 has | obj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 hunt | mark |
| 36 | hunt | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 time | acl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 king | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the polar bear | the king | of the sea ice | tree rules | |||
| 2 | hunt | present | bear | seals | the ice edge | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seal=Theme | |||
| 3 | warm | present | the world | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | shrink | present | the summer ice | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 5 | have | present | ice | time | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | hunt | to-infinitive | ice not said here | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:006-the-arctic.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/6-the-arctic/3/