Trees, sentence 1
Count the rings on a stump in the woods and you know its age: each year makes one ring, pale wood from fast spring growth and darker wood from slower late summer; a wide ring was a good year, a thin one a hard year.
Who acts: you, year, wide ring · What happens: count, know, make, be · To what, where: rings, stump, age, one ring, good year
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, year, wide ring), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Count | count | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 rings | det |
| 3 | rings | ring | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Count | obj |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 stump | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 stump | det |
| 6 | stump | stump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Count | obl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 woods | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 woods | det |
| 9 | woods | wood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Count | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 know | cc |
| 11 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 know | nsubj |
| 12 | know | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Count | conj |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 age | nmod:poss |
| 14 | age | age | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 know | obj |
| 15 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 18 makes | punct |
| 16 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 17 year | det |
| 17 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 makes | nsubj |
| 18 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 age | acl:relcl |
| 19 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 ring | nummod |
| 20 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 makes | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 wood | punct |
| 22 | pale | pale | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 wood | amod |
| 23 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 ring | conj |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 growth | case |
| 25 | fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 growth | amod |
| 26 | spring | spring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 growth | compound |
| 27 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 wood | nmod |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 wood | cc |
| 29 | darker | dark | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 30 wood | amod |
| 30 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 growth | conj |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 34 summer | case |
| 32 | slower | slow | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 34 summer | amod |
| 33 | late | late | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 summer | amod |
| 34 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 wood | nmod |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 42 year | punct |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 ring | det |
| 37 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 ring | amod |
| 38 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 year | nsubj |
| 39 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 year | cop |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 year | det |
| 41 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 year | amod |
| 42 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Count | parataxis |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 one | punct |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 one | det |
| 45 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 one | amod |
| 46 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 year | conj |
| 47 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 49 year | det |
| 48 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 year | amod |
| 49 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 one | conj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Count | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | count | imperative | you not said here | the rings | a stump | in the woods | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Theme | ||
| 2 | know | present | you | stump's age | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer age=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | make | present | each year | one ring and pale wood from fast spring growth and darker wood from slower late summer | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ring=Product | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | a wide ring | a good year and a thin one and a hard year | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:060-trees.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/1/