Trees, sentence 16
Rainforests cover only about 6 percent of the land but hold more than half of all the kinds of land plants and animals, and most of the animals live up in the canopy, where most of the fruit, flowers and leaves are.
Who acts: Rainforests, most · What happens: cover, hold, live up, be · To what, where: 6 percent, half, canopy
This is a sentence of the lesson «Trees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rainforests, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rainforests | rainforest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 cover | nsubj |
| 2 | cover | cover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 5 6 | advmod |
| 4 | about | about | ADV | _ | 5 6 | advmod |
| 5 | 6 | 6 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 percent | nummod |
| 6 | percent | percent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 cover | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 land | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 land | det |
| 9 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 percent | nmod |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 hold | cc |
| 11 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 cover | conj |
| 12 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV | 14 half | advmod |
| 13 | than | than | ADP | _ | 12 more | fixed |
| 14 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 11 hold | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 kinds | case |
| 16 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 kinds | det:predet |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 kinds | det |
| 18 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 half | nmod |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 plants | case |
| 20 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 plants | compound |
| 21 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 kinds | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 animals | cc |
| 23 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 plants | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 live | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 live | cc |
| 26 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 30 live | nsubj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 animals | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 animals | det |
| 29 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 most | nmod |
| 30 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 cover | conj |
| 31 | up | up | ADP | _ | 30 live | compound:prt |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 canopy | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 canopy | det |
| 34 | canopy | canopy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 live | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 where | punct |
| 36 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 45 are | advmod |
| 37 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 45 are | nsubj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 fruit | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 fruit | det |
| 40 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 most | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 flowers | punct |
| 42 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 fruit | conj |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 leaves | cc |
| 44 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 fruit | conj |
| 45 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 canopy | acl:relcl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 cover | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cover | present | Rainforests | 6 percent of the land | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme percent=Destination | ||||
| 2 | hold | present | Rainforests not said here | half of all kinds of land plants and animals | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Theme | ||||
| 3 | live up | present | most of the animals | the canopy | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in canopy=Location | ||||
| 4 | be | present | most of the fruit and flowers and leaves | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:060-trees.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×4, R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/60-trees/16/