Carnivorous and strange plants, sentence 16
Welwitschia from the Namib Desert grows only two leaves in its whole life; they keep growing from the base and are torn into ribbons by the wind, and some plants are thought to be over 1,000 years old.
Who acts: Welwitschia, leaves, wind · What happens: grow, keep, tear, think, be · To what, where: two leaves, whole life, ribbons, plants
This is a sentence of the lesson «Carnivorous and strange plants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Welwitschia, leaves, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Welwitschia | welwitschia | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 grows | nsubj |
| 2 | from | from | ADP | _ | 5 Desert | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Desert | det |
| 4 | Namib | Namib | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Desert | compound |
| 5 | Desert | Desert | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Welwitschia | nmod |
| 6 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | only | only | ADV | _ | 8 two | advmod |
| 8 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 leaves | nummod |
| 9 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 grows | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 life | case |
| 11 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 life | nmod:poss |
| 12 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 life | amod |
| 13 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 grows | obl |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 keep | punct |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 keep | nsubj |
| 16 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 grows | parataxis |
| 17 | growing | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 keep | xcomp |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 base | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 base | det |
| 20 | base | base | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 growing | obl |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 torn | cc |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 torn | aux:pass |
| 23 | torn | tear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 keep | conj |
| 24 | into | into | ADP | _ | 25 ribbons | case |
| 25 | ribbons | ribbon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 torn | obl |
| 26 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 wind | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 wind | det |
| 28 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 torn | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 thought | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 thought | cc |
| 31 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 32 plants | det |
| 32 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 thought | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 thought | aux:pass |
| 34 | thought | think | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 grows | conj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 40 old | mark |
| 36 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 40 old | cop |
| 37 | over | over | ADV | _ | 38 1,000 | advmod |
| 38 | 1,000 | 1000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 39 years | nummod |
| 39 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 old | obl:unmarked |
| 40 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 thought | xcomp |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 grows | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | grow | present | Welwitschia from the Namib Desert | two leaves | Welwitschia's whole life | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leaf=Theme | |||
| 2 | keep | present | leaves = leaf | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | grow | gerund | leaves = leaf not said here | from the base | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from base=Patient | ||||
| 4 | tear | present · passive | the wind | ribbons | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ribbon=Destination | ||||
| 5 | think speech: other | present · passive | some plants | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 6 | is | to-infinitive | year | old property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:061-carnivorous-and-strange-plants.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/61-carnivorous-and-strange-plants/16/