Digestion: the journey of a sandwich, sentence 1
It starts in the mouth: teeth cut and grind, and saliva wets the food and already begins turning the starch of the bread into sugar, which is why bread chewed for a long time tastes sweeter.
Who acts: body, saliva, sugar · What happens: start, cut, grind, wet, begin, turn · To what, where: mouth, teeth, food, starch, sugar
This is a sentence of the lesson «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (body, saliva, sugar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 starts | nsubj |
| 2 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 mouth | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 mouth | det |
| 5 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 starts | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 teeth | punct |
| 7 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 mouth | conj |
| 8 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 teeth | acl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 grind | cc |
| 10 | grind | grind | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 cut | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 wets | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 wets | cc |
| 13 | saliva | saliva | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 wets | nsubj |
| 14 | wets | wet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 starts | conj |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 food | det |
| 16 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 wets | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 begins | cc |
| 18 | already | already | ADV | _ | 19 begins | advmod |
| 19 | begins | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 wets | conj |
| 20 | turning | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 begins | xcomp |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 starch | det |
| 22 | starch | starch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 turning | obj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 bread | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 bread | det |
| 25 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 starch | nmod |
| 26 | into | into | ADP | _ | 27 sugar | case |
| 27 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 turning | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 chewed | punct |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 33 chewed | nsubj |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 chewed | cop |
| 31 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 33 chewed | advmod |
| 32 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 chewed | nsubj |
| 33 | chewed | chew | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 sugar | acl:relcl |
| 34 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 time | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 time | det |
| 36 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 time | amod |
| 37 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 chewed | obl |
| 38 | tastes | taste | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 33 chewed | parataxis |
| 39 | sweeter | sweet | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 38 tastes | xcomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 starts | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | start | present | body | the mouth and teeth | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | cut | participle | teeth not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | grind | infinitive | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 4 | wet | present | saliva | the food | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent food=Patient | ||||
| 5 | begin | present | saliva not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | turn | gerund | saliva not said here | the starch of the bread | sugar | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent starch=Theme into sugar=Trajectory | |||
| 7 | is | present | sugar | time | chew property | tree rules | |||
| 8 | taste | present | sweet property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:067-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/1/