Digestion: the journey of a sandwich, sentence 5
Teeth cut and grind food into small pieces, which are easier to swallow and quicker to digest, and saliva wets it and starts breaking the starch in bread into sugar.
Who acts: Teeth, small pieces, saliva · What happens: cut, grind, be, swallow, digest, wet · To what, where: food, small pieces, starch, bread
This is a sentence of the lesson «Digestion: the journey of a sandwich» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Teeth, small pieces, saliva), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Teeth | teeth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 cut | nsubj |
| 2 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 grind | cc |
| 4 | grind | grind | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 cut | conj |
| 5 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 grind | obj |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 pieces | case |
| 7 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 pieces | amod |
| 8 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 grind | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 easier | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 easier | nsubj |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 easier | cop |
| 12 | easier | easy | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 8 pieces | acl:relcl |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 swallow | mark |
| 14 | swallow | swallow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 easier | xcomp |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 quicker | cc |
| 16 | quicker | quick | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 12 easier | conj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 digest | mark |
| 18 | digest | digest | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 easier | xcomp |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 wets | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 wets | cc |
| 21 | saliva | saliva | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 wets | nsubj |
| 22 | wets | wet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 cut | conj |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 wets | obj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 starts | cc |
| 25 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 wets | conj |
| 26 | breaking | break | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 starts | xcomp |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 starch | det |
| 28 | starch | starch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 breaking | obj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 bread | case |
| 30 | bread | bread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 starch | nmod |
| 31 | into | into | ADP | _ | 32 sugar | case |
| 32 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 breaking | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 cut | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cut | present | Teeth | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | grind | present | Teeth not said here | food | small pieces | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent food=Material into piece=Product | |||
| 3 | is | present | small pieces | easy property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | swallow | to-infinitive | small pieces not said here | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | be | small pieces not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | digest | to-infinitive | small pieces not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | wet | present | saliva | food | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 8 | start | present | saliva not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 9 | break | gerund | saliva not said here | the starch | bread | into sugar result | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent starch=Patient into sugar=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:067-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/67-digestion-the-journey-of-a-sandwich/5/