The brain and nerves, sentence 2

Stub your toe and there is a strange gap: first a bump, then a moment later the ache arrives and you yell, because the signal has to travel all the way up your leg and spine to the brain, and pain signals are not the fastest ones.

Who acts: you, strange gap, ache, signal, pain signals · What happens: stub, be, arrive, yell, have, travel · To what, where: toe, way, brain, fastest ones

This is a sentence of the lesson «The brain and nerves» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, strange gap, ache, signal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Stub	stub	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 toe	nmod:poss
3	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Stub	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 is	cc
5	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	6 is	expl
6	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Stub	conj
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 gap	det
8	strange	strange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 gap	amod
9	gap	gap	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 is	nsubj
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 bump	punct
11	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	13 bump	advmod
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 bump	det
13	bump	bump	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 gap	appos
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 moment	punct
15	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	17 moment	advmod
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 moment	det
17	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 later	obl
18	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	21 arrives	advmod
19	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 ache	det
20	ache	ache	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 arrives	nsubj
21	arrives	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Stub	advcl
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 yell	cc
23	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	24 yell	nsubj
24	yell	yell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 arrives	conj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 has	punct
26	because	because	SCONJ	_	29 has	mark
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 signal	det
28	signal	signal	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 has	nsubj
29	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 yell	advcl
30	to	to	PART	_	31 travel	mark
31	travel	travel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	29 has	xcomp
32	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	34 way	det:predet
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 way	det
34	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 travel	obl:unmarked
35	up	up	ADP	_	37 leg	case
36	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	37 leg	nmod:poss
37	leg	leg	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 travel	obl
38	and	and	CCONJ	_	39 spine	cc
39	spine	spine	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 leg	conj
40	to	to	ADP	_	42 brain	case
41	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	42 brain	det
42	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 travel	obl
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 ones	punct
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	51 ones	cc
45	pain	pain	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 signals	compound
46	signals	signal	NOUN	Number=Plur	51 ones	nsubj
47	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	51 ones	cop
48	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	51 ones	advmod
49	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	51 ones	det
50	fastest	fast	ADJ	Degree=Sup	51 ones	amod
51	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Stub	conj
52	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Stub	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
indirect: yes
teacher: changed act=assert, indirect=1

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	stub	imperative	you not said here	your toe			vn hurt-40.8.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer toe=Patient
2	be	present	a strange gap		there		vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	arrive	present	the ache			late property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	yell speech: express	present	you				vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
5	have	present	the signal				tree rules
6	travel	to-infinitive	the signal not said here	all way	the brain	up your leg and spine	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to brain=Destination
7	not is a	present	pain signals	the fastest ones			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:068-the-brain-and-nerves.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/68-the-brain-and-nerves/2/