Senses: eyes and ears, sentence 1
Walk out of a dark cinema into bright sunshine and you squint: the black dot in your eye, the pupil, shrinks fast, because the coloured ring around it, the iris, is a muscle that lets in less light.
Who acts: you, coloured ring, muscle · What happens: walk out, squint, shrink, be, let · To what, where: dark cinema, bright sunshine, black dot, muscle, less light
This is a sentence of the lesson «Senses: eyes and ears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, coloured ring, muscle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | out | out | ADP | _ | 6 cinema | case |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 cinema | case |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 cinema | det |
| 5 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 cinema | amod |
| 6 | cinema | cinema | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Walk | obl |
| 7 | into | into | ADP | _ | 9 sunshine | case |
| 8 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 sunshine | amod |
| 9 | sunshine | sunshine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Walk | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 squint | cc |
| 11 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 12 squint | nsubj |
| 12 | squint | squint | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Walk | conj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 dot | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 dot | det |
| 15 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 dot | amod |
| 16 | dot | dot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 squint | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 eye | case |
| 18 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 eye | nmod:poss |
| 19 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 dot | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 pupil | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 pupil | det |
| 22 | pupil | pupil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 dot | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 shrinks | punct |
| 24 | shrinks | shrink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 dot | parataxis |
| 25 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 24 shrinks | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 ring | punct |
| 27 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 39 muscle | mark |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 ring | det |
| 29 | coloured | coloured | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 ring | amod |
| 30 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 muscle | nsubj |
| 31 | around | around | ADP | _ | 32 it | case |
| 32 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 ring | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 iris | punct |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 iris | det |
| 35 | iris | iris | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 ring | appos |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 muscle | punct |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 muscle | cop |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 muscle | det |
| 39 | muscle | muscle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Walk | advcl |
| 40 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 41 lets | nsubj |
| 41 | lets | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 muscle | acl:relcl |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 light | case |
| 43 | less | less | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 44 light | amod |
| 44 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 lets | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Walk | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- indirect
- yes
- teacher
- changed act=assert, indirect=1
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk out | imperative | you not said here | a dark cinema | bright sunshine | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cinema=Attribute | |||
| 2 | squint | present | you | the black dot and the pupil | in your eye | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent dot=Patient in eye=Theme | |||
| 3 | shrink | present | fast property | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | is a | present | the coloured ring around pupil | a muscle | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | let | present | a muscle | less light | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:069-senses-eyes-and-ears.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/69-senses-eyes-and-ears/1/