Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 14

Weddell seals live farther south than any other mammal, can hold their breath for over an hour and keep breathing holes open by scraping the ice with their teeth.

Who acts: Weddell seals · What happens: live, hold, keep, breathe, scrape · To what, where: breath, holes, ice

This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Weddell seals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Weddell	Weddell	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 seals	compound
2	seals	seal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 live	nsubj
3	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	farther	far	ADV	Degree=Cmp	5 south	advmod
5	south	south	ADV	_	3 live	advmod
6	than	than	ADP	_	9 mammal	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 mammal	det
8	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 mammal	amod
9	mammal	mammal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 live	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 hold	punct
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 hold	aux
12	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 live	conj
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 breath	nmod:poss
14	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 hold	obj
15	for	for	ADP	_	18 hour	case
16	over	over	ADP	_	18 hour	case
17	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 hour	det
18	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 hold	obl
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 keep	cc
20	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 hold	conj
21	breathing	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	20 keep	xcomp
22	holes	hole	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 breathing	obj
23	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 breathing	xcomp
24	by	by	SCONJ	_	25 scraping	mark
25	scraping	scrape	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	23 open	advcl
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 ice	det
27	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 scraping	obj
28	with	with	ADP	_	30 teeth	case
29	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 teeth	nmod:poss
30	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 scraping	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 live	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	Weddell seals			than any other mammal; south property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	hold	can	Weddell seals not said here	seals's breath	hour		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme
3	keep	infinitive	Weddell seals not said here				tree rules
4	breathe	gerund	Weddell seals not said here	holes		open property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Theme
5	scrape	gerund	Weddell seals not said here	the ice		with seals's teeth	vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Patient with tooth=Instrument

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/14/