Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth, sentence 18

Adelie penguins build nests of stones that lift the eggs above meltwater, and because good stones are hard to find they steal them from their neighbours; penguins can drink seawater because a gland above the eye removes extra salt.

Who acts: Adelie penguins, stones, good stones, penguins, gland · What happens: build, lift, be, find, steal, drink · To what, where: nests, eggs, meltwater, neighbours, seawater, extra salt

This is a sentence of the lesson «Antarctica: penguins, seals and the coldest place on Earth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Adelie penguins, stones, good stones, penguins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adelie	adelie	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 penguins	compound
2	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 build	nsubj
3	build	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 build	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 stones	case
6	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 nests	nmod
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 lift	nsubj
8	lift	lift	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 stones	acl:relcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 eggs	det
10	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lift	obj
11	above	above	ADP	_	12 meltwater	case
12	meltwater	meltwater	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 lift	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 steal	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 steal	cc
15	because	because	SCONJ	_	19 hard	mark
16	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 stones	amod
17	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 hard	nsubj
18	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 hard	cop
19	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 steal	advcl
20	to	to	PART	_	21 find	mark
21	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	19 hard	xcomp
22	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 steal	nsubj
23	steal	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 build	conj
24	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 steal	obj
25	from	from	ADP	_	27 neighbours	case
26	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 neighbours	nmod:poss
27	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 steal	obl
28	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 drink	punct
29	penguins	penguin	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 drink	nsubj
30	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	31 drink	aux
31	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 build	conj
32	seawater	seawater	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 drink	obj
33	because	because	SCONJ	_	39 removes	mark
34	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	35 gland	det
35	gland	gland	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 removes	nsubj
36	above	above	ADP	_	38 eye	case
37	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	38 eye	det
38	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 gland	nmod
39	removes	remove	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 drink	advcl
40	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 salt	amod
41	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 removes	obj
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 build	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	build	present	Adelie penguins	nests of stones			vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nest=Product
2	lift	present	stones	the eggs	meltwater		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme above meltwater=Destination
3	is	present	good stones			hard property	tree rules
4	find	to-infinitive	good stones not said here				vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent
5	steal	present	stones = stone	nests = nest	stones's neighbours		vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent they=Theme from neighbour=Source
6	drink	can	penguins	seawater			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seawater=Patient
7	remove	present	a gland above the eye	extra salt			vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:007-antarctica.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/7-antarctica/18/