Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations, sentence 7
All pet dogs come from wolves and are still one species; people choosing which dogs had puppies, called artificial selection, made chihuahuas and Great Danes in a few thousand years.
Who acts: pet dogs, people, dogs · What happens: come, be, choose, have, call, make · To what, where: wolves, one species, puppies, artificial selection, chihuahuas · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution simply: why living things change over many generations» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pet dogs, people, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 dogs | det |
| 2 | pet | pet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 dogs | compound |
| 3 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 come | nsubj |
| 4 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 wolves | case |
| 6 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 come | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 species | cc |
| 8 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 species | cop |
| 9 | still | still | ADV | _ | 10 one | advmod |
| 10 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 species | nummod |
| 11 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 come | conj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 choosing | punct |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 made | nsubj |
| 14 | choosing | choose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 people | acl |
| 15 | which | which | DET | PronType=Rel | 16 dogs | det |
| 16 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 had | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 choosing | ccomp |
| 18 | puppies | puppy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 had | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 called | punct |
| 20 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 people | acl |
| 21 | artificial | artificial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 selection | amod |
| 22 | selection | selection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 called | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 made | punct |
| 24 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 come | conj |
| 25 | chihuahuas | chihuahua | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 made | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 Danes | cc |
| 27 | Great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 Danes | amod |
| 28 | Danes | dane | PROPN | Number=Plur | 25 chihuahuas | conj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 years | case |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 years | det |
| 31 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 years | amod |
| 32 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 33 years | nummod |
| 33 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 made | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 come | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | present | all pet dogs | wolves | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from wolf=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | all pet dogs not said here | one species | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | choose | gerund | people not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | have | past | which dogs | puppies | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puppy=Patient | ||||
| 5 | call | participle | people not said here | artificial selection | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent selection=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | make | past | people | chihuahuas and Great Danes | year | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chihuahua=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:073-evolution-simply.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/73-evolution-simply/7/