Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 0
A fossil is a message from a world nobody saw: the remains or traces of a living thing kept in rock, ice or amber for thousands or millions of years.
Who acts: fossil, nobody · What happens: be, see, live, keep · To what, where: message, world, living thing, rock
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fossil, nobody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 fossil | det |
| 2 | fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 message | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 message | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 message | det |
| 5 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 world | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 world | det |
| 8 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 message | nmod |
| 9 | nobody | nobody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 10 saw | nsubj |
| 10 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 world | acl:relcl |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 remains | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 remains | det |
| 13 | remains | remains | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 5 message | appos |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 15 traces | cc |
| 15 | traces | trace | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 remains | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 thing | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 thing | det |
| 18 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 thing | amod |
| 19 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 traces | nmod |
| 20 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 thing | acl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 rock | case |
| 22 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 kept | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 ice | punct |
| 24 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rock | conj |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 26 amber | cc |
| 26 | amber | amber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rock | conj |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 thousands | case |
| 28 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 kept | obl |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 millions | cc |
| 30 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 thousands | conj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 years | case |
| 32 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 thousands | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 message | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a fossil | a message | a world | tree rules | |||
| 2 | see | past | nobody | a world not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer world=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | live | gerund | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | keep | participle | a living thing not said here | rock and ice or amber | for thousands of years or millions | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in rock=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/0/