Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 12
Lyuba, a baby woolly mammoth about 42,000 years old, was found in 2007 in frozen Russian ground with her skin and trunk; mammoths survived on Wrangel Island until about 4,000 years ago, after the Egyptian pyramids were built about 4,500 years ago.
Who acts: mammoths · What happens: find, survive, build · To what, where: Lyuba, 2007, Wrangel Island, Egyptian pyramids
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mammoths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lyuba | Lyuba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 found | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 old | punct |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 mammoth | det |
| 4 | baby | baby | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 mammoth | amod |
| 5 | woolly | woolly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 mammoth | amod |
| 6 | mammoth | mammoth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Lyuba | appos |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 42,000 | advmod |
| 8 | 42,000 | 42000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 years | nummod |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 old | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 mammoth | amod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Lyuba | punct |
| 12 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 found | aux:pass |
| 13 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 2007 | case |
| 15 | 2007 | 2007 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 13 found | obl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 ground | case |
| 17 | frozen | frozen | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 ground | amod |
| 18 | Russian | Russian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 ground | amod |
| 19 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 found | obl |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 22 skin | case |
| 21 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 skin | nmod:poss |
| 22 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 ground | nmod |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 trunk | cc |
| 24 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 skin | conj |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 survived | punct |
| 26 | mammoths | mammoth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 survived | nsubj |
| 27 | survived | survive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 found | parataxis |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 Island | case |
| 29 | Wrangel | Wrangel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Island | compound |
| 30 | Island | Island | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 survived | obl |
| 31 | until | until | ADP | _ | 32 about | case |
| 32 | about | about | ADV | _ | 33 4,000 | advmod |
| 33 | 4,000 | 4,000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 34 years | nummod |
| 34 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 35 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 27 survived | advmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 built | punct |
| 37 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 42 built | mark |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 pyramids | det |
| 39 | Egyptian | Egyptian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 pyramids | amod |
| 40 | pyramids | pyramid | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 built | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 built | aux:pass |
| 42 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 survived | advcl |
| 43 | about | about | ADV | _ | 44 4,500 | advmod |
| 44 | 4,500 | 4,500 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 45 years | nummod |
| 45 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 46 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 42 built | advmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 found | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past · passive | Lyuba | 2007 | in frozen Russian ground with Lyuba's skin and trunk | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | |||
| 2 | survive | past | mammoths | Wrangel Island | ago property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on island=Location | |||
| 3 | build | past · passive | the Egyptian pyramids | ago property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/12/