Fossils: how we know about life long ago, sentence 14
Rocks near the top of Mount Everest hold fossils of sea creatures, because India pushing into Asia lifted an old sea floor into the Himalayas, which still rise a few millimetres a year.
Who acts: Rocks, India, Himalayas · What happens: hold, push, lift, rise · To what, where: fossils, Asia, old sea floor, Himalayas, few millimetres
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how we know about life long ago» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rocks, India, Himalayas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 hold | nsubj |
| 2 | near | near | ADP | _ | 4 top | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 top | det |
| 4 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Rocks | nmod |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 Everest | case |
| 6 | Mount | mount | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 Everest | compound |
| 7 | Everest | everest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 top | nmod |
| 8 | hold | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | fossils | fossil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 hold | obj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 creatures | case |
| 11 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 creatures | compound |
| 12 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 fossils | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 hold | punct |
| 14 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 19 lifted | mark |
| 15 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 lifted | nsubj |
| 16 | pushing | push | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 India | acl |
| 17 | into | into | ADP | _ | 18 Asia | case |
| 18 | Asia | Asia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 pushing | obl |
| 19 | lifted | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 hold | advcl |
| 20 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 floor | det |
| 21 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 floor | amod |
| 22 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 floor | compound |
| 23 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 lifted | obj |
| 24 | into | into | ADP | _ | 26 Himalayas | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Himalayas | det |
| 26 | Himalayas | himalaya | PROPN | Number=Plur | 19 lifted | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 rise | punct |
| 28 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 rise | nsubj |
| 29 | still | still | ADV | _ | 30 rise | advmod |
| 30 | rise | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 Himalayas | acl:relcl |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 millimetres | det |
| 32 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 millimetres | amod |
| 33 | millimetres | millimetre | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 rise | obj |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 year | det |
| 35 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 millimetres | nmod:unmarked |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 hold | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | present | Rocks near the top of Mount Everest | fossils of sea creatures | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fossil=Theme | ||||
| 2 | push | gerund | India not said here | Asia | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into asia=Destination | ||||
| 3 | lift | past | India | a old sea floor | the Himalayas | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent floor=Theme into himalaya=Destination | |||
| 4 | rise | present | the Himalayas | a few millimetres a year | still | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location millimetre=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:074-fossils-life-long-ago.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/74-fossils-life-long-ago/14/