Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived, sentence 14
Spinosaurus lived in North Africa about 95 million years ago with a back sail and a crocodile-like snout for fish; scientists still argue how well it swam, and it never met T. rex.
Who acts: Spinosaurus, scientists, snout · What happens: live, argue, swim, not meet · To what, where: North Africa, T. · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spinosaurus, scientists, snout), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spinosaurus | Spinosaurus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 lived | nsubj |
| 2 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 Africa | case |
| 4 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Africa | compound |
| 5 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 lived | obl |
| 6 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 million | advmod |
| 7 | 95 | 95 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 million | compound |
| 8 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 years | nummod |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 2 lived | advmod |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 sail | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 sail | det |
| 13 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sail | compound |
| 14 | sail | sail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lived | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 snout | cc |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 snout | det |
| 17 | crocodile | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 like | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 crocodile | punct |
| 19 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 snout | amod |
| 20 | snout | snout | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sail | conj |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 fish | case |
| 22 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 snout | nmod |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 argue | punct |
| 24 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 argue | nsubj |
| 25 | still | still | ADV | _ | 26 argue | advmod |
| 26 | argue | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 lived | parataxis |
| 27 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 28 well | advmod |
| 28 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 30 swam | advmod |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 swam | nsubj |
| 30 | swam | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 argue | ccomp |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 met | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 met | cc |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 met | nsubj |
| 34 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 35 met | advmod |
| 35 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 swam | conj |
| 36 | T. | t. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 met | obj |
| 37 | rex | rex | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 T. | flat |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- pos
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | Spinosaurus | North Africa | with a back sail and a like snout for fish; ago property | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location | |||
| 2 | argue speech: disagree | present | scientists | still | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | swim | past | snout | well property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not meet | past | snout | T. | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent t.=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:075-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/14/