Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived, sentence 8

Long-necked sauropods were the biggest land animals ever: Diplodocus was about 26 metres long, and Argentinosaurus and Patagotitan may have weighed as much as ten elephants or more; a long neck let them reach lots of plants while their heavy bodies stood still, which saved energy.

Who acts: necked sauropods, Diplodocus, Argentinosaurus, long neck, heavy bodies · What happens: neck, be, weigh, let, reach, stand · To what, where: biggest land animals, 26 metres, much, Argentinosaurus, lots, energy

This is a sentence of the lesson «Dinosaurs: kinds, sizes and how they lived» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (necked sauropods, Diplodocus, Argentinosaurus, long neck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 necked	amod
2	-	-	PUNCT	_	1 Long	punct
3	necked	neck	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 sauropods	amod
4	sauropods	sauropod	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 animals	nsubj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 animals	cop
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 animals	det
7	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 animals	amod
8	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 animals	compound
9	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
10	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	9 animals	advmod
11	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 metres	punct
12	Diplodocus	Diplodocus	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 metres	nsubj
13	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 metres	cop
14	about	about	ADV	_	15 26	advmod
15	26	26	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	16 metres	nummod
16	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 animals	parataxis
17	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	16 metres	advmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 weighed	punct
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 Argentinosaurus	cc
20	Argentinosaurus	Argentinosaurus	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 weighed	nsubj
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 Patagotitan	cc
22	Patagotitan	Patagotitan	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 Argentinosaurus	conj
23	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 weighed	aux
24	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	25 weighed	aux
25	weighed	weigh	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 animals	parataxis
26	as	as	ADV	_	27 much	advmod
27	much	much	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 weighed	obj
28	as	as	ADP	_	30 elephants	case
29	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	30 elephants	nummod
30	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 weighed	obl
31	or	or	CCONJ	_	32 more	cc
32	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	30 elephants	conj
33	;	;	PUNCT	_	37 let	punct
34	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 neck	det
35	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 neck	amod
36	neck	neck	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 let	nsubj
37	let	let	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	25 weighed	conj
38	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 let	obj
39	reach	reach	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	37 let	xcomp
40	lots	lot	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 reach	obj
41	of	of	ADP	_	42 plants	case
42	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 lots	nmod
43	while	while	SCONJ	_	47 stood	mark
44	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	46 bodies	nmod:poss
45	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 bodies	amod
46	bodies	body	NOUN	Number=Plur	47 stood	nsubj
47	stood	stand	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	39 reach	advcl
48	still	still	ADV	_	47 stood	advmod
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 saved	punct
50	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	51 saved	nsubj
51	saved	save	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	37 let	parataxis
52	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 saved	obj
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 animals	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	neck	participle					vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	past	necked sauropods	the biggest land animals	ever		tree rules
3	is a	past	Diplodocus	26 metres		long property	tree rules
4	weigh	may · perfect	Argentinosaurus and Patagotitan	much		as ten elephants	vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme much=Value
5	let	infinitive	a long neck	Argentinosaurus			tree rules
6	reach	infinitive	Argentinosaurus not said here	lots of plants			vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent lot=Theme
7	stand	past	Argentinosaurus's heavy bodies		still		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	save	past		energy			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:075-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/75-dinosaurs-kinds-sizes-and-lives/8/