Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis, sentence 0
Australia and New Zealand drifted away from the other continents long ago, and their animals went their own strange way: mammals that lay eggs, babies the size of a jellybean in pouches, and birds that walk because nothing on the ground used to hunt them.
Who acts: Australia, animals, mammals, birds, nothing · What happens: drift away, go, lay, walk, use, hunt · To what, where: other continents, own strange way, eggs
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Australia, animals, mammals, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Australia | Australia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 drifted | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 Zealand | cc |
| 3 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Zealand | flat |
| 4 | Zealand | Zealand | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Australia | conj |
| 5 | drifted | drift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | away | away | ADV | _ | 5 drifted | advmod |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 continents | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 continents | det |
| 9 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 continents | amod |
| 10 | continents | continent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 drifted | obl |
| 11 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 12 ago | advmod |
| 12 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 5 drifted | advmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 went | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 went | cc |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 animals | nmod:poss |
| 16 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 went | nsubj |
| 17 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 drifted | conj |
| 18 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 way | nmod:poss |
| 19 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 way | amod |
| 20 | strange | strange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 way | amod |
| 21 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 went | obj |
| 22 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 mammals | punct |
| 23 | mammals | mammal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 way | appos |
| 24 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 lay | nsubj |
| 25 | lay | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 mammals | acl:relcl |
| 26 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 lay | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 babies | punct |
| 28 | babies | baby | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 mammals | conj |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 size | det |
| 30 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 babies | appos |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 jellybean | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 jellybean | det |
| 33 | jellybean | jellybean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 size | nmod |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 pouches | case |
| 35 | pouches | pouch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 jellybean | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 birds | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 birds | cc |
| 38 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 mammals | conj |
| 39 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 40 walk | nsubj |
| 40 | walk | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 birds | acl:relcl |
| 41 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 46 used | mark |
| 42 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 46 used | nsubj |
| 43 | on | on | ADP | _ | 45 ground | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 ground | det |
| 45 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 nothing | nmod |
| 46 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 walk | advcl |
| 47 | to | to | PART | _ | 48 hunt | mark |
| 48 | hunt | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 used | xcomp |
| 49 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 hunt | obj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 drifted | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drift away | past | Australia and New Zealand | the other continents | ago, away property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from continent=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | go | past | Australia's animals | Australia's own strange way | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme | ||||
| 3 | lay | present | mammals and babies and birds | eggs | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result | ||||
| 4 | walk | present | birds | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | use | past | nothing | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | hunt | to-infinitive | nothing not said here | eggs = egg | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:079-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/0/