The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark, sentence 16

Flying fish escape tuna and other hunters by leaping out and gliding on wing-like fins, sometimes over 200 metres, beating their tails on the water to stay up longer.

Who acts: Flying fish · What happens: fly, escape, leap out, glide, beat, stay up · To what, where: tuna, 200 metres, like fins, tails

This is a sentence of the lesson «The ocean: open sea, sunlit zone and the deep dark» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Flying fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 fish	amod
2	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 escape	nsubj
3	escape	escape	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	tuna	tuna	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 escape	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 hunters	cc
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 hunters	amod
7	hunters	hunter	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 tuna	conj
8	by	by	SCONJ	_	9 leaping	mark
9	leaping	leap	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 escape	advcl
10	out	out	ADP	_	9 leaping	compound:prt
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 gliding	cc
12	gliding	glide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 leaping	conj
13	on	on	ADP	_	17 fins	case
14	wing	wing	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 like	compound
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	16 like	punct
16	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 fins	amod
17	fins	fin	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 gliding	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 metres	punct
19	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	PronType=Ind	22 metres	advmod
20	over	over	ADP	_	22 metres	case
21	200	200	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	22 metres	nummod
22	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 escape	obl
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 beating	punct
24	beating	beat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 escape	conj
25	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 tails	nmod:poss
26	tails	tail	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 beating	obj
27	on	on	ADP	_	29 water	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 water	det
29	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 beating	obl
30	to	to	PART	_	31 stay	mark
31	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 beating	advcl
32	up	up	ADV	_	33 longer	advmod
33	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	31 stay	advmod
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 escape	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fly	gerund					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	escape	present	Flying fish	tuna and other hunters	200 metres		vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tuna=Initial_Location
3	leap out	gerund	Flying fish not said here				vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	glide	gerund	Flying fish not said here		like fins		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fin=Trajectory
5	beat	gerund	Flying fish not said here	fish's tails		on the water	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent tail=Instrument on water=Patient
6	stay up	to-infinitive	Flying fish not said here			long property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:008-the-ocean.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/8-the-ocean/16/