The elephant house: herds, feet, food and the mouse myth, sentence 13
An elephant's ears help it hear and lose heat, but cannot lift it; African elephants have huge ears and two «fingers» at the trunk tip; Asian elephants have smaller ears, a rounder back and one «finger».
Who acts: ears, newborn, African elephants, Asian elephants · What happens: help, hear, lose, not lift, have · To what, where: newborn, heat, huge ears, smaller ears
This is a sentence of the lesson «The elephant house: herds, feet, food and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ears, newborn, African elephants, Asian elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 elephant | det |
| 2 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 ears | nmod:poss |
| 3 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 2 elephant | case |
| 4 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 help | nsubj |
| 5 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 help | obj |
| 7 | hear | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 help | xcomp |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 lose | cc |
| 9 | lose | lose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 hear | conj |
| 10 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 lose | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 lift | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 15 lift | cc |
| 13 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 lift | aux |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 lift | advmod |
| 15 | lift | lift | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 5 help | conj |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 lift | obj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 have | punct |
| 18 | African | African | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 elephants | amod |
| 19 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 have | nsubj |
| 20 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 help | parataxis |
| 21 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 ears | amod |
| 22 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 have | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 fingers | cc |
| 24 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 26 fingers | nummod |
| 25 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 26 fingers | punct |
| 26 | fingers | finger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 ears | conj |
| 27 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 26 fingers | punct |
| 28 | at | at | ADP | _ | 31 tip | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 tip | det |
| 30 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 tip | compound |
| 31 | tip | tip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 fingers | nmod |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 have | punct |
| 33 | Asian | Asian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 elephants | amod |
| 34 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 have | nsubj |
| 35 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 have | conj |
| 36 | smaller | small | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 37 ears | amod |
| 37 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 have | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 back | punct |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 back | det |
| 40 | rounder | round | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 41 back | amod |
| 41 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 ears | conj |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 finger | cc |
| 43 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 45 finger | nummod |
| 44 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 45 finger | punct |
| 45 | finger | finger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 back | conj |
| 46 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 45 finger | punct |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 help | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | present | a elephant's ears | newborn | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | hear | infinitive | newborn not said here | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | lose | infinitive | newborn not said here | heat | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | not lift | can | a elephant's ears not said here | newborn | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 5 | have | present | African elephants | huge ears and two fingers at the trunk tip | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | ||||
| 6 | have | present | Asian elephants | smaller ears and a rounder back and one finger | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:083-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/83-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth/13/