The elephant house: herds, feet, food and the mouse myth, sentence 8

An elephant walks on its tiptoes with a big fatty pad behind the toes, and zoo elephants walk less than wild ones, so their nails do not wear down and they are trained to lift their feet so keepers can trim them.

Who acts: elephant, zoo elephants, nails, elephants, keepers · What happens: walk, not wear down, train, lift, trim · To what, where: tiptoes, elephants, feet

This is a sentence of the lesson «The elephant house: herds, feet, food and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephant, zoo elephants, nails, elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 elephant	det
2	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 walks	nsubj
3	walks	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 tiptoes	case
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 tiptoes	nmod:poss
6	tiptoes	tiptoe	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 walks	obl
7	with	with	ADP	_	11 pad	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 pad	det
9	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 pad	amod
10	fatty	fatty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 pad	amod
11	pad	pad	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tiptoes	nmod
12	behind	behind	ADP	_	14 toes	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 toes	det
14	toes	toe	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 pad	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 walk	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 walk	cc
17	zoo	zoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 elephants	compound
18	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 walk	nsubj
19	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 walks	conj
20	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	19 walk	advmod
21	than	than	ADP	_	23 ones	case
22	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 ones	amod
23	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 less	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 wear	punct
25	so	so	ADV	_	30 wear	advmod
26	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	27 nails	nmod:poss
27	nails	nail	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 wear	nsubj
28	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	30 wear	aux
29	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	30 wear	advmod
30	wear	wear	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 walks	parataxis
31	down	down	PART	_	30 wear	compound:prt
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	35 trained	cc
33	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	35 trained	nsubj:pass
34	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	35 trained	aux:pass
35	trained	train	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 walks	conj
36	to	to	PART	_	37 lift	mark
37	lift	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	35 trained	xcomp
38	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	39 feet	nmod:poss
39	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	37 lift	obj
40	so	so	SCONJ	_	43 trim	mark
41	keepers	keeper	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 trim	nsubj
42	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	43 trim	aux
43	trim	trim	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	37 lift	advcl
44	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	43 trim	obj
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 walks	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	walk	present	a elephant		floor's tiptoes with a big fatty pad behind the toes		vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tiptoe=Trajectory
2	walk	present	zoo elephants			less property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	not wear down	present · do-support	elephants's nails				vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent
4	train	present · passive		elephants = elephant			vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute
5	lift	to-infinitive	elephants = elephant not said here	elephants's feet			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Theme
6	trim	can	keepers	elephants = elephant			vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:083-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/83-elephant-house-herds-feet-food-mouse-myth/8/