The monkey house and the lemurs of Madagascar, sentence 10

Howler monkeys are among the loudest land animals; a big hollow bone in the throat makes their dawn calls echo, grow louder and carry for several kilometres.

Who acts: Howler monkeys, big hollow bone, dawn calls, monkeys · What happens: be, make, echo, grow, carry, call · To what, where: dawn calls · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «The monkey house and the lemurs of Madagascar» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Howler monkeys, big hollow bone, dawn calls, monkeys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Howler	howler	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 monkeys	compound
2	monkeys	monkey	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 animals	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 animals	cop
4	among	among	ADP	_	8 animals	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 animals	det
6	loudest	loud	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 animals	amod
7	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 animals	compound
8	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
9	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 makes	punct
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 bone	det
11	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 bone	amod
12	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 bone	amod
13	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 makes	nsubj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 throat	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 throat	det
16	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 bone	nmod
17	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 animals	parataxis
18	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	20 calls	nmod:poss
19	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 calls	compound
20	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 makes	obj
21	echo	echo	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 makes	xcomp
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 grow	punct
23	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	21 echo	conj
24	louder	loud	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	23 grow	xcomp
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 carry	cc
26	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	23 grow	conj
27	for	for	ADP	_	29 kilometres	case
28	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 kilometres	amod
29	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 carry	obl
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 animals	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	Howler monkeys		among the loudest land animals	tree rules
2	make	present	a big hollow bone in the throat	monkeys's dawn calls		tree rules
3	echo	infinitive	monkeys's dawn calls not said here			vn sound_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	grow	infinitive	monkeys's dawn calls not said here		loud property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	carry	infinitive	monkeys's dawn calls not said here		for several kilometres	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
6	call		monkeys = monkey			nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:086-monkey-house-and-lemurs-of-madagascar.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/86-monkey-house-and-lemurs-of-madagascar/10/