The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles, sentence 16

Crocodiles and their relatives sometimes have tears while eating, probably from air pushed through the head, not from sadness; «crocodile tears» means pretend sorrow.

Who acts: Crocodiles, crocodile tears · What happens: have, eat, push, mean · To what, where: tears, air, head, pretend sorrow

This is a sentence of the lesson «The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crocodiles, crocodile tears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 have	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 relatives	cc
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 relatives	nmod:poss
4	relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Crocodiles	conj
5	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	_	6 have	advmod
6	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	tears	tear	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 have	obj
8	while	while	SCONJ	_	9 eating	mark
9	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	6 have	advcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 air	punct
11	probably	probably	ADV	_	13 air	advmod
12	from	from	ADP	_	13 air	case
13	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 eating	obl
14	pushed	push	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 air	acl
15	through	through	ADP	_	17 head	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 head	det
17	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 pushed	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 sadness	punct
19	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	21 sadness	advmod
20	from	from	ADP	_	21 sadness	case
21	sadness	sadness	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 head	conj
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 means	punct
23	«	«	PUNCT	_	25 tears	punct
24	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 tears	compound
25	tears	tear	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 means	nsubj
26	»	»	PUNCT	_	25 tears	punct
27	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 have	parataxis
28	pretend	pretend	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 sorrow	amod
29	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 means	obj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 have	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: neg
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	have	present	Crocodiles and Alligators's relatives	tears		sometimes property	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tear=Patient
2	eat	gerund	Crocodiles and Alligators's relatives not said here		air		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from air=Source
3	push	participle		air not said here	the head and sadness		vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through head=Trajectory
4	mean	present	crocodile tears	pretend sorrow			vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sorrow=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:088-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/16/