The aquarium: the coral reef tank, sentence 13
The stonefish is one of the most venomous fish; it lies still looking like a lumpy rock, has venomous spines on its back that can sting a person who treads on it, and swallows passing fish in a split second.
Who acts: stonefish, venomous spines, person · What happens: be, lie, look, have, sting, tread · To what, where: one, venomous spines, back, person, stonefish, fish
This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the coral reef tank» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stonefish, venomous spines, person), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 stonefish | det |
| 2 | stonefish | stonefish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 one | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 one | cop |
| 4 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 fish | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 fish | det |
| 7 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 8 venomous | advmod |
| 8 | venomous | venomous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 fish | amod |
| 9 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 one | nmod |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 lies | punct |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 lies | nsubj |
| 12 | lies | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 one | parataxis |
| 13 | still | still | ADV | _ | 14 looking | advmod |
| 14 | looking | look | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 lies | advcl |
| 15 | like | like | ADP | _ | 18 rock | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 rock | det |
| 17 | lumpy | lumpy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 rock | amod |
| 18 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 looking | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 has | punct |
| 20 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 lies | conj |
| 21 | venomous | venomous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 spines | amod |
| 22 | spines | spine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 has | obj |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 25 back | case |
| 24 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 back | nmod:poss |
| 25 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 spines | nmod |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 sting | nsubj |
| 27 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 sting | aux |
| 28 | sting | sting | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 spines | acl:relcl |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 person | det |
| 30 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 sting | obj |
| 31 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 treads | nsubj |
| 32 | treads | tread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 person | acl:relcl |
| 33 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 it | case |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 treads | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 swallows | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 swallows | cc |
| 37 | swallows | swallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 treads | conj |
| 38 | passing | pass | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 37 swallows | advcl |
| 39 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 swallows | obj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 split | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 second | det |
| 42 | split | split | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 passing | obl |
| 43 | second | second | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 38 passing | advmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 one | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the stonefish | one | of the venomous fish | tree rules | |||
| 2 | lie | present | stonefish | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | look | gerund | stonefish not said here | still | like a lumpy rock | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||
| 4 | have | present | stonefish not said here | venomous spines | stonefish's back | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spine=Patient | |||
| 5 | sting | can | venomous spines | a person | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus person=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | tread | present | a person | stonefish | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on it=Trajectory | ||||
| 7 | swallow | present | a person not said here | fish | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient | ||||
| 8 | pass | gerund | a person not said here | split | second property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in split=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:090-aquarium-the-coral-reef-tank.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/90-aquarium-the-coral-reef-tank/13/