The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays, sentence 15

Some sharks, like the nurse shark, can rest on the bottom and pump water over their gills, but others, like the great white, must keep swimming to breathe.

Who acts: sharks, others · What happens: rest, keep, swim, breathe · To what, where: bottom

This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sharks, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 sharks	det
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 rest	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 shark	punct
4	like	like	ADP	_	7 shark	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 shark	det
6	nurse	nurse	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 shark	compound
7	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 sharks	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 shark	punct
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 rest	aux
10	rest	rest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 bottom	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 bottom	det
13	bottom	bottom	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rest	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 water	cc
15	pump	pump	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rest	conj
16	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 bottom	conj
17	over	over	ADP	_	19 gills	case
18	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 gills	nmod:poss
19	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 pump	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 keep	punct
21	but	but	CCONJ	_	22 others	cc
22	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 keep	nsubj
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 keep	punct
24	like	like	ADP	_	27 white	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 white	det
26	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 white	amod
27	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 others	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 white	punct
29	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	30 keep	aux
30	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 rest	conj
31	swimming	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	30 keep	xcomp
32	to	to	PART	_	33 breathe	mark
33	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	31 swimming	advcl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 rest	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	roles by
1	rest	can	some sharks like the nurse shark	the bottom and water	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bottom=Location
2	keep	must	others like the great white		tree rules
3	swim	gerund	others like the great white not said here		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	breathe	to-infinitive	others like the great white not said here		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/15/