The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays, sentence 2

Sharks and rays are cousins: both have skeletons of cartilage, the bendy stuff in your ear, and a ray is really a shark flattened out for life on the sea floor.

Who acts: Sharks, both, ray · What happens: be, have, flatten out · To what, where: cousins, skeletons, shark, sea floor

This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sharks, both, ray), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cousins	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 rays	cc
3	rays	ray	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Sharks	conj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cousins	cop
5	cousins	cousin	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 have	punct
7	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	8 have	nsubj
8	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cousins	parataxis
9	skeletons	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 have	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	11 cartilage	case
11	cartilage	cartilage	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 skeletons	nmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 stuff	punct
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 stuff	det
14	bendy	bendy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 stuff	amod
15	stuff	stuff	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 skeletons	conj
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 ear	case
17	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 ear	nmod:poss
18	ear	ear	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 stuff	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 shark	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 shark	cc
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 ray	det
22	ray	ray	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 shark	nsubj
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 shark	cop
24	really	really	ADV	_	26 shark	advmod
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 shark	det
26	shark	shark	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cousins	conj
27	flattened	flatten	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 shark	acl
28	out	out	ADP	_	27 flattened	compound:prt
29	for	for	ADP	_	30 life	case
30	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 flattened	obl
31	on	on	ADP	_	34 floor	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 floor	det
33	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 floor	compound
34	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 flattened	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 cousins	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Sharks and rays	cousins and a shark			tree rules
2	have	present	both	skeletons of cartilage and the bendy stuff in your ear			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skeleton=Patient
3	is a	present	a ray	a shark			tree rules
4	flatten out	participle		a shark not said here	the sea floor	for life	vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:2.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/2/