The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays, sentence 7
The sand tiger shark looks fierce with its long jagged teeth, but it is slow and calm; the thin teeth are for gripping slippery fish, and it gulps air at the surface to help it float.
Who acts: tiger shark, pole, thin teeth · What happens: look, be, grip, gulp, help, float · To what, where: slippery fish, air, surface, pole
This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tiger shark, pole, thin teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 shark | det |
| 2 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 tiger | compound |
| 3 | tiger | tiger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 shark | compound |
| 4 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 looks | nsubj |
| 5 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | fierce | fierce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 looks | xcomp |
| 7 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 teeth | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 9 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 teeth | amod |
| 10 | jagged | jagged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 teeth | amod |
| 11 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 looks | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 slow | punct |
| 13 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 slow | cc |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 slow | nsubj |
| 15 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 slow | cop |
| 16 | slow | slow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 looks | conj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 calm | cc |
| 18 | calm | calm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 slow | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 gripping | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 teeth | det |
| 21 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 teeth | amod |
| 22 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 gripping | nsubj |
| 23 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 gripping | aux |
| 24 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 25 gripping | mark |
| 25 | gripping | grip | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 looks | conj |
| 26 | slippery | slippery | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 fish | amod |
| 27 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 gripping | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 gulps | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 gulps | cc |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 gulps | nsubj |
| 31 | gulps | gulp | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 gripping | conj |
| 32 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 gulps | obj |
| 33 | at | at | ADP | _ | 35 surface | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 surface | det |
| 35 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 gulps | obl |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 help | mark |
| 37 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 gulps | advcl |
| 38 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 help | obj |
| 39 | float | float | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 37 help | xcomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 looks | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | present | the tiger shark | with pole's long jagged teeth; fierce property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is | present | pole | slow property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | pole not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | grip | present · progressive | the thin teeth | slippery fish | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | gulp | present | pole | air | the surface | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient | |||
| 6 | help | to-infinitive | pole not said here | pole | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme | ||||
| 7 | float | infinitive | pole not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:091-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/7/