The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, sea stars and the deep sea, sentence 12

Cuttlefish change colour and pattern in less than a second using millions of tiny colour sacs in the skin; they seem to be colour-blind, yet they still match their backgrounds very well.

Who acts: Cuttlefish · What happens: change, use, seem, be, match · To what, where: colour, millions, backgrounds

This is a sentence of the lesson «The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, sea stars and the deep sea» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cuttlefish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cuttlefish	cuttlefish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 change	nsubj
2	change	change	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 change	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 pattern	cc
5	pattern	pattern	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 colour	conj
6	in	in	ADP	_	10 second	case
7	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 second	advmod
8	than	than	ADP	_	7 less	fixed
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 second	det
10	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 change	obl
11	using	use	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 change	advcl
12	millions	million	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 using	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	16 sacs	case
14	tiny	tiny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 sacs	amod
15	colour	colour	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 sacs	compound
16	sacs	sac	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 millions	nmod
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 skin	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 skin	det
19	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 sacs	nmod
20	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 seem	punct
21	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 seem	nsubj
22	seem	seem	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 change	parataxis
23	to	to	PART	_	25 colour	mark
24	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	25 colour	cop
25	colour	colour	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 seem	xcomp
26	-	-	PUNCT	_	27 blind	punct
27	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 colour	conj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 match	punct
29	yet	yet	CCONJ	_	32 match	cc
30	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 match	nsubj
31	still	still	ADV	_	32 match	advmod
32	match	match	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	22 seem	advcl
33	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	34 backgrounds	nmod:poss
34	backgrounds	background	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 match	obj
35	very	very	ADV	_	36 well	advmod
36	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	32 match	advmod
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 change	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	change	present	Cuttlefish	colour and pattern	second		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient
2	use	gerund	Cuttlefish not said here	millions of tiny colour sacs in the skin			vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent million=Patient
3	seem	present	cuttlefish				vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
4	is	to-infinitive	cuttlefish not said here			colour property	tree rules
5	be		cuttlefish not said here				tree rules
6	match	present	cuttlefish	cuttlefish's backgrounds	still	well property	vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent background=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:092-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/92-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea/12/