The aviary: the walk-through tropical house, sentence 7
Hummingbirds beat their wings up to about 80 times a second, can fly backwards, drink nectar many times an hour because hovering burns so much energy, and save energy at night in a deep sleep called torpor.
Who acts: Hummingbirds, deep sleep · What happens: beat up, fly, drink, hover, burn, save · To what, where: wings, nectar, much energy, energy, deep sleep, torpor · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The aviary: the walk-through tropical house» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hummingbirds, deep sleep), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hummingbirds | hummingbird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 beat | nsubj |
| 2 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 wings | nmod:poss |
| 4 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 beat | obj |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 beat | compound:prt |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 times | case |
| 7 | about | about | ADV | _ | 8 80 | advmod |
| 8 | 80 | 80 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 9 times | nummod |
| 9 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 beat | obl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 second | det |
| 11 | second | second | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 times | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 fly | punct |
| 13 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 fly | aux |
| 14 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 beat | conj |
| 15 | backwards | backwards | ADV | _ | 14 fly | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 drink | punct |
| 17 | drink | drink | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 beat | conj |
| 18 | nectar | nectar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 drink | obj |
| 19 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 times | amod |
| 20 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 drink | obl |
| 21 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 hour | det |
| 22 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 times | nmod:unmarked |
| 23 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 25 burns | mark |
| 24 | hovering | hover | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 25 burns | nsubj |
| 25 | burns | burn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 fly | advcl |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 27 much | advmod |
| 27 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 energy | amod |
| 28 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 burns | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 save | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 save | cc |
| 31 | save | save | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 beat | conj |
| 32 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 save | obj |
| 33 | at | at | ADP | _ | 34 night | case |
| 34 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 save | obl |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 sleep | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 sleep | det |
| 37 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 sleep | amod |
| 38 | sleep | sleep | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 save | obl |
| 39 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 sleep | acl |
| 40 | torpor | torpor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 called | xcomp |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 beat | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat up | present | Hummingbirds | hummingbirds's wings | time | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme | |||
| 2 | fly | can | Hummingbirds not said here | backwards property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | drink | infinitive | Hummingbirds not said here | nectar | time | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nectar=Patient | |||
| 4 | hover | gerund | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | burn | present | much energy | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | |||||
| 6 | save | infinitive | Hummingbirds not said here | energy | a deep sleep | night | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | ||
| 7 | call | participle | a deep sleep not said here | torpor | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:093-the-aviary-the-walk-through-tropical-house.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/93-the-aviary-the-walk-through-tropical-house/7/