The insect house: ants, stick insects, tarantulas and scorpions, sentence 5
Leafcutter ants do not eat the leaves; they chew them into mush to grow a fungus garden and eat the fungus, and ants were farming fungus for millions of years before people farmed.
Who acts: Leafcutter ants, ants, people · What happens: not eat, chew, grow, eat, farm · To what, where: leaves, mush, fungus garden, fungus
This is a sentence of the lesson «The insect house: ants, stick insects, tarantulas and scorpions» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leafcutter ants, ants, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leafcutter | leafcutter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ants | compound |
| 2 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 eat | nsubj |
| 3 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 eat | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 eat | advmod |
| 5 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 leaves | det |
| 7 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 eat | obj |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 10 chew | punct |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 chew | nsubj |
| 10 | chew | chew | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 eat | parataxis |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 chew | obj |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 13 mush | case |
| 13 | mush | mush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 chew | obl |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 grow | mark |
| 15 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 chew | advcl |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 garden | det |
| 17 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 garden | compound |
| 18 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 grow | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 eat | cc |
| 20 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 grow | conj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 fungus | det |
| 22 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 eat | obj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 farming | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 farming | cc |
| 25 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 farming | nsubj |
| 26 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 farming | aux |
| 27 | farming | farm | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 eat | conj |
| 28 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 farming | obj |
| 29 | for | for | ADP | _ | 30 millions | case |
| 30 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 farming | obl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 years | case |
| 32 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 millions | nmod |
| 33 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 35 farmed | mark |
| 34 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 farmed | nsubj |
| 35 | farmed | farm | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 farming | advcl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 eat | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not eat | present · do-support | Leafcutter ants | the leaves | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | ||||
| 2 | chew | present | ants = ant | leaves = leaf | mush | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | |||
| 3 | grow | to-infinitive | ants = ant not said here | a fungus garden | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location garden=Theme | ||||
| 4 | eat | infinitive | ants = ant not said here | the fungus | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fungus=Patient | ||||
| 5 | farm | past · progressive | ants | fungus | for millions of years | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fungus=Patient | |||
| 6 | farm | past | people | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:097-the-insect-house-ants-stick-insects-tarantulas-and-scorpions.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/97-the-insect-house-ants-stick-insects-tarantulas-and-scorpions/5/