The penguin pool, sentence 9
Penguins are countershaded: from above the black back blends with the dark sea, and from below the white belly blends with the bright surface.
What happens: countershad, blend · To what, where: Penguins, black back, white belly
This is a sentence of the lesson «The penguin pool» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Penguins | penguin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 countershaded | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 countershaded | aux:pass |
| 3 | countershaded | countershad | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 blends | punct |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 blends | case |
| 6 | above | above | ADP | _ | 10 blends | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 back | det |
| 8 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 back | amod |
| 9 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 blends | obl |
| 10 | blends | blend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 countershaded | parataxis |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 sea | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sea | det |
| 13 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 sea | amod |
| 14 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 blends | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 blends | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 blends | cc |
| 17 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 belly | case |
| 18 | below | below | ADP | _ | 21 belly | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 belly | det |
| 20 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 belly | amod |
| 21 | belly | belly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 blends | obl |
| 22 | blends | blend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 blends | conj |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 surface | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 surface | det |
| 25 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 surface | amod |
| 26 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 blends | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 countershaded | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | countershad | present · passive | Penguins | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | blend | present | the black back | with the dark sea | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with sea=Co-Patient | ||||
| 3 | blend | present | the white belly | with the bright surface | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with surface=Co-Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:099-the-penguin-pool.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/9/