The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 1: The Open Road (the Ducks' Ditty, and a visit to Toad Hall), sentence 0
One bright summer morning the Rat has been swimming with the ducks, tickling their necks whenever they stand on their heads underwater, until they beg him to go away.
Who acts: Rat, necks · What happens: swim, tickle, stand, beg, go away · To what, where: necks, heads, Rat
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter II, part 1: The Open Road (the Ducks' Ditty, and a visit to Toad Hall)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rat, necks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 morning | nummod |
| 2 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 morning | amod |
| 3 | summer | summer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 morning | compound |
| 4 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 swimming | obl:unmarked |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Rat | det |
| 6 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 swimming | nsubj |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 swimming | aux |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 swimming | aux |
| 9 | swimming | swim | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 ducks | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 ducks | det |
| 12 | ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 swimming | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 tickling | punct |
| 14 | tickling | tickle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 swimming | advcl |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 necks | nmod:poss |
| 16 | necks | neck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 tickling | obj |
| 17 | whenever | whenever | ADV | PronType=Rel | 14 tickling | advmod |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 stand | nsubj |
| 19 | stand | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 whenever | advcl:relcl |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 underwater | case |
| 21 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 heads | nmod:poss |
| 22 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 stand | obl |
| 23 | underwater | underwater | ADV | _ | 19 stand | advmod |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 beg | punct |
| 25 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 27 beg | mark |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 beg | nsubj |
| 27 | beg | beg | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 stand | conj |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 beg | obj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 go | mark |
| 30 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 beg | xcomp |
| 31 | away | away | ADV | _ | 30 go | advmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 swimming | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swim | present · perfect · progressive | the Rat | morning | with the ducks | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with duck=Theme | |||
| 2 | tickle | gerund | the Rat not said here | ducks's necks | whenever property | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Experiencer | |||
| 3 | stand | present | necks = neck | necks's heads | underwater property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | beg speech: request | present | necks = neck | Rat | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | go away not said to happen | to-infinitive | necks = neck not said here | away property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:029-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/29-willows-ch2-part1-ducks-ditty-and-toad-hall/0/