The Wind in the Willows, chapter III, part 2: The Wild Wood (the faces, the whistling, the pattering — and the Rat sets out), sentence 19
«Then the pattering began.» He thought at first it was falling leaves, but «he knew it for nothing else but the pat-pat-pat of little feet».
Who acts: pattering, whistling · What happens: begin, think, fall, be, know, pat · To what, where: falling leaves, whistling, little feet · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter III, part 2: The Wild Wood (the faces, the whistling, the pattering — and the Rat sets out)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pattering, whistling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 5 began | punct |
| 2 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 began | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 pattering | det |
| 4 | pattering | patter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 began | nsubj |
| 5 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 thought | ccomp |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 began | punct |
| 7 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 5 began | punct |
| 8 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 thought | nsubj |
| 9 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 first | case |
| 11 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 9 thought | obl |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 leaves | nsubj |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 leaves | cop |
| 14 | falling | fall | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 15 leaves | amod |
| 15 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 thought | ccomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 knew | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 knew | cc |
| 18 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 20 knew | punct |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 knew | nsubj |
| 20 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 thought | conj |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 knew | obj |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 nothing | case |
| 23 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 20 knew | obl |
| 24 | else | else | ADV | _ | 23 nothing | advmod |
| 25 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 31 pat | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 pat | det |
| 27 | pat | pat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 pat | compound |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 pat | punct |
| 29 | pat | pat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 pat | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 pat | punct |
| 31 | pat | pat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 nothing | conj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 feet | case |
| 33 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 feet | amod |
| 34 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 pat | nmod |
| 35 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 20 knew | punct |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 thought | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin in a quote | past | the pattering | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | think speech: other | past | pattering = patter | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | fall | gerund | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | is a | past | whistling | falling leaves | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | know in a quote | past | pattering = patter | whistling | for nothing | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | pat in a quote | little feet | nom pat «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:034-willows-ch3-part2-the-terror-of-the-wild-wood.lesson:19.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/34-willows-ch3-part2-the-terror-of-the-wild-wood/19/