The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 1: Mr. Badger (the door in the snow and the fire-lit kitchen), sentence 12
On hearing the Rat, he cries «What, Ratty, my dear little man!» «in quite a different voice», and says they «must be perished» (perished = frozen right through).
Who acts: Mole · What happens: hear, cry, say, perish, freeze · To what, where: Rat, different voice, words · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter IV, part 1: Mr. Badger (the door in the snow and the fire-lit kitchen)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | SCONJ | _ | 2 hearing | mark |
| 2 | hearing | hear | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 cries | advcl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Rat | det |
| 4 | Rat | Rat | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 hearing | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 hearing | punct |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 cries | nsubj |
| 7 | cries | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 9 What | punct |
| 9 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 7 cries | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Ratty | punct |
| 11 | Ratty | Ratty | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 cries | vocative |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 man | punct |
| 13 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 man | nmod:poss |
| 14 | dear | dear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 man | amod |
| 15 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 man | amod |
| 16 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 What | appos |
| 17 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 16 man | punct |
| 18 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 16 man | punct |
| 19 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 24 voice | punct |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 voice | case |
| 21 | quite | quite | DET | PronType=Ind | 24 voice | det:predet |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 voice | det |
| 23 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 voice | amod |
| 24 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 cries | obl |
| 25 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 24 voice | punct |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 says | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 says | cc |
| 28 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 cries | conj |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 perished | nsubj |
| 30 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 33 perished | punct |
| 31 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 perished | aux |
| 32 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 33 perished | aux:pass |
| 33 | perished | perish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 says | ccomp |
| 34 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 33 perished | punct |
| 35 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 36 perished | punct |
| 36 | perished | perish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 perished | conj |
| 37 | = | = | SYM | _ | 36 perished | dep |
| 38 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 perished | conj |
| 39 | right | right | ADV | _ | 40 through | advmod |
| 40 | through | through | ADV | _ | 38 frozen | advmod |
| 41 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 36 perished | punct |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 cries | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | gerund | Mole not said here | the Rat | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer rat=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | cry speech: express | present | Mole | quite different voice | Ratty vocative | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | Mole not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | perish in a quote | must · passive | words = word | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | perish | participle | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | freeze | participle | through property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:037-willows-ch4-part1-mr-badger.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/37-willows-ch4-part1-mr-badger/12/