The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adventures (the chase, the tunnel and the night wood), sentence 8
The driver hears something: «we're the last train running in this direction to-night, yet I could be sworn that I heard another following us!»
Who acts: driver, we, last train, Toad · What happens: hear, be, run, swear, follow · To what, where: something, last train, direction, Toad, another, us · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The Wind in the Willows, chapter VIII, part 4: Toad's Adventures (the chase, the tunnel and the night wood)» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (driver, we, last train, Toad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 driver | det |
| 2 | driver | driver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hears | nsubj |
| 3 | hears | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 3 hears | obj |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 3 hears | punct |
| 6 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 11 train | punct |
| 7 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 train | nsubj |
| 8 | 're | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 train | cop |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 train | det |
| 10 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 train | amod |
| 11 | train | train | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 hears | parataxis |
| 12 | running | run | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 train | acl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 direction | case |
| 14 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 15 direction | det |
| 15 | direction | direction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 running | obl |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 night | case |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 to | punct |
| 18 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 running | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 sworn | punct |
| 20 | yet | yet | CCONJ | _ | 24 sworn | cc |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 sworn | nsubj |
| 22 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 sworn | aux |
| 23 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 24 sworn | aux:pass |
| 24 | sworn | swear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 hears | conj |
| 25 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 27 heard | mark |
| 26 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 heard | nsubj |
| 27 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 sworn | ccomp |
| 28 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 heard | obj |
| 29 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 another | acl |
| 30 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 following | obj |
| 31 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 24 sworn | punct |
| 32 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 3 hears | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- express
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | present | the driver | something | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | we | the last train | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | run in a quote | gerund | the last train not said here | this direction | night | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in direction=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | swear in a quote | could · passive | Toad | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | hear in a quote | past | Toad | another | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer another=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | follow in a quote | gerund | us | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:books:055-willows-ch8-part4-the-chase-and-the-tunnel.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/books/55-willows-ch8-part4-the-chase-and-the-tunnel/8/